-एर

Linking Actions with -एर

Level 3Sounds Like ēra

-एर links an earlier action to the verb that follows.

How It Works

-एर usually joins two actions by the same doer. The first one comes first in time: म उठेर चिया पिउँछु (I get up and then drink tea).

It also tells how something is done: म हिँडेर जान्छु (I go on foot), ऊ बसेर पढ्छ (he studies sitting).

Verb-एर form
खानुखाएर
जानुगएर
आउनुआएर
हुनुभएर
गर्नुगरेर
किन्नुकिनेर

The tense sits on the last verb only: हिजो म उठेर चिया पिएँ, आज उठेर पिउँछु, भोलि उठेर पिउँछु.

In writing and news, -ई sometimes replaces -एर: गरी (for गरेर) is common. In speech, -एर is the usual form.

Examples (5)

  1. म बिहान उठेर चिया पिउँछु।

    I get up in the morning and drink tea.

    उठेर comes first, and पिउँछु carries the tense.

  2. हामी हिँडेर बजार गयौँ।

    We went to the market on foot.

    हिँडेर shows how we went.

  3. सरिता बसमा चढेर कलेज गइन्।

    Sarita got on the bus and went to college.

    चढेर has no person ending of its own.

  4. आमाले खाना पकाएर हामीलाई बोलाउनुभयो।

    Mother cooked the food and called us.

    The polite ending usually goes only on the last verb.

  5. मैले फोन गरेर तिमीलाई भनेँ।

    I phoned and told you.

    गरेर links फोन गर्नु to the next verb.

Common Mistakes

  • Making the -एर form of जानु from the dictionary stem.

    म बजार जाएर आएँ।
    म बजार गएर आएँ।

    The -एर form of जानु is गएर.

  • Making the -एर form of हुनु from its dictionary stem.

    म काठमाडौं हुएर पोखरा गएँ।
    म काठमाडौं भएर पोखरा गएँ।

    The -एर form of हुनु is भएर, not हुएर. Here it means via Kathmandu.

How It Connects

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-एरLevel 3Linking Actions with -एर

Learn This First

-एर links two actions.

Learn Next

Patterns that build on this one.