देखि / सम्म

From and Until

Level 2Sounds Like dēkhi ra sam'ma

देखि is from, and सम्म is until.

How It Works

देखि and सम्म are small endings that join the word before them: बिहानदेखि, बेलुकासम्म, सोमबारदेखि, शुक्रबारसम्म.

Ending	Meaning	Example
देखि	from, since	नौ बजेदेखि
सम्म	until, as far as	पाँच बजेसम्म

Use them together for a span of time: म नौ बजेदेखि पाँच बजेसम्म अफिसमा हुन्छु. Use them alone too: ऊ काठमाडौंसम्म गयो (he went as far as Kathmandu).

For distance, देखि marks the starting place: यहाँदेखि पोखरासम्म दुई सय किलोमिटर छ.

When you say coming from a place, बाट is the usual word: म पोखराबाट आएँ. देखि is mostly for time and for a stretch between two points.

Later entries add the idea of how long something has lasted, with देखि after a time word.

म बिहानदेखि बेलुकासम्म काम गर्छु।
I work from morning until evening.
देखि starts the span, and सम्म ends it.
हामी सोमबारदेखि शुक्रबारसम्म पढ्छौँ।
We study from Monday to Friday.
Both words join the day names.
म नौ बजेदेखि पाँच बजेसम्म अफिसमा हुन्छु।
I am at the office from nine to five.
The same pattern works with clock hours.
ऊ काठमाडौंसम्म गयो।
He went as far as Kathmandu.
सम्म also marks how far someone goes.
यहाँदेखि पोखरासम्म दुई सय किलोमिटर छ।
It is two hundred kilometers from here to Pokhara.
देखि starts the distance.

Writing the endings as separate words.
बिहान देखि बेलुका सम्म।
बिहानदेखि बेलुकासम्म।
देखि and सम्म join the noun.

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देखि / सम्मLevel 2From and Until

देखि and सम्म mark the start and end of time or distance.

Patterns that build on this one.

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