The Passive With شدن
شدن carries the tense and the person, and the participle never changes.
How It Works
| Tense | Passive | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| simple past | ساخته شد | was built |
| present | ساخته می‌شود | is built |
| future | ساخته خواهد شد | will be built |
| perfect | ساخته شده است | has been built |
The subject of a passive sentence is the thing that receives the action: این مکتب ده سال پیش ساخته شد. The object marker را disappears, because the object has become the subject.
To say who did it, add توسط or از سوی before the doer: این سرک توسط شاروالی ساخته شده است. Without a doer, the passive suits news and notices, where the doer is unknown or not the point.
For the negative, put نـ on شدن: خوانده نشده است (it has not been read).
A compound verb makes its passive from its noun and a past participle: تصمیم گرفتن becomes تصمیم گرفته شد (a decision was made). Many compound verbs with کردن change کردن to شدن: اعلان کردن (to announce) becomes اعلان شدن (to be announced).
Examples (5)
- این مکتب ده سال پیش ساخته شد.
This school was built ten years ago.
ساخته شد joins the participle ساخته and the past of شدن.
- نان هر روز صبح در این دکان پخته می‌شود.
Bread is baked in this shop every morning.
The present passive is پخته می‌شود.
- این تصمیم فردا گرفته خواهد شد.
This decision will be made tomorrow.
خواهد شد puts the passive in the future, and گرفته stays the same.
- این سرک توسط شاروالی کابل ساخته شده است.
This road has been built by the Kabul municipality.
توسط names the doer, and ساخته شده است is the perfect passive.
- این گزارش هنوز خوانده نشده است.
This report has not been read yet.
نشده is the negative form: نـ goes on شدن.
Common Mistakes
Using the past stem and not the participle.
این مکتب ساخت شد.این مکتب ساخته شد.ساخت is the past stem. The passive needs the participle, which ends in ـه: ساخته.
Naming the doer with با.
این سرک با شاروالی ساخته شد.این سرک توسط شاروالی ساخته شد.Use توسط or از سوی for the doer. با means "with".
How It Connects
Learn This First
The passive uses the participle and شدن.
Related Patterns
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.
Words in This Pattern
Practice The Passive With شدن in Bubblegum
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