گفته است و گفته شده است
Reported Facts in the News
گفته شده است که hides the speaker: it has been said that …
How It Works
| Form | Use |
|---|---|
| X گفته است که … | one speaker or office is named |
| X گفته‌اند که … | several speakers are named |
| گفته شده است که … | no speaker is named |
| در گزارش آمده است که … | a report is the speaker |
Reports use the perfect because what was said still matters now. Everyday talk says گفت که for the same event: ادارهٔ هواشناسی گفت که فردا برف می‌بارد.
Write که right after the verb, with no comma before it. The news itself keeps its own tense. Look at the verbs after که: می‌بارد (will snow), می‌شود (becomes), بوده است (has been).
Other verbs work the same way in news: اعلام کرده است (has announced), خبر داده است (has reported). The subject comes first, and the verb agrees with it, as in all perfect verbs.
The passive گفته شده است is useful when the speaker is unknown or not the point. Do not put a named speaker before it.
Examples (5)
- وزارت صحت عامه گفته است که شفاخانهٔ جدید تا ماه آینده افتتاح می‌شود.
The Ministry of Public Health has said that the new hospital will open by next month.
گفته است که brings in what the ministry said.
- ادارهٔ هواشناسی گفته است که فردا در کابل برف می‌بارد.
The weather office has said that it will snow in Kabul tomorrow.
The news after که keeps its own verb, می‌بارد.
- گفته شده است که امتحانات پوهنتون از هفتهٔ آینده آغاز می‌شود.
It has been said that the university exams begin next week.
گفته شده است که names nobody as the speaker.
- مسئولان شاروالی گفته‌اند که کار پارک جدید تا دو ماه دیگر تمام می‌شود.
Municipality officials have said that work on the new park will finish within two months.
The plural subject مسئولان takes گفته‌اند.
- در گزارش آمده است که محصول انار قندهار امسال زیادتر از پارسال بوده است.
The report says that this year's pomegranate harvest in Kandahar has been bigger than last year's.
در گزارش آمده است که lets a report speak.
Common Mistakes
Using the singular verb with a plural speaker.
مسئولان شاروالی گفته است که کار تمام می‌شود.مسئولان شاروالی گفته‌اند که کار تمام می‌شود.The perfect agrees with its subject. Several officials take گفته‌اند.
Putting a named speaker before the passive گفته شده است.
وزارت صحت عامه گفته شده است که شفاخانه باز می‌شود.وزارت صحت عامه گفته است که شفاخانه باز می‌شود.گفته شده است names nobody. After a named speaker, use the active گفته است.
How It Connects
Learn This First
These reports use the participle, the passive and a report.
Related Patterns
Words in This Pattern
Practice گفته است و گفته شده است in Bubblegum
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