The Present Perfect

Level 3

Put نـ before the participle for the negative: نرفته‌ام.

How It Works

PersonDariMeaning
منرفته‌امI have gone
تورفته‌ایyou have gone
اورفته استhe or she has gone
مارفته‌ایمwe have gone
شمارفته‌ایدyou have gone
آن‌هارفته‌اندthey have gone

The short endings join the participle with a half-space. The he-or-she form is the separate word است.

Compare: به بند امیر رفته‌ام means I have been to Band-e Amir, and the experience counts now. دیروز به بازار رفتم means I went to the market yesterday, and it names a time that is over.

Words for time that is still running go well with it: امروز (today), این هفته (this week), تا حالا (so far).

Make it negative with نـ on the participle: هنوز نیامده است (he or she hasn't come yet).

Ask about experience with تا حالا: تا حالا منتو خورده‌ای؟ (Have you ever eaten mantu?)

Examples (5)

  1. من چند بار به بامیان رفته‌ام.

    I have been to Bamiyan several times.

    رفته‌ام is the participle plus the ending ـام.

  2. شما نان خورده‌اید؟

    Have you eaten?

    خورده‌اید is the participle plus ـاید for شما.

  3. مریم هنوز به خانه نیامده است.

    Maryam hasn't come home yet.

    نیامده است: نـ goes on the participle, and است follows it.

  4. ما این فلم را دیده‌ایم.

    We have seen this film.

    دیده‌ایم is the participle plus ـایم for ما.

  5. پدرم تازه از سفر برگشته است.

    My father has just come back from a trip.

    برگشته است is the he-or-she form.

Common Mistakes

  • Leaving out است in the he-or-she form.

    او به بند امیر رفته.
    او به بند امیر رفته است.

    In writing, the he-or-she form needs است.

  • Using the ending for من with another person.

    ما به هرات رفته‌ام.
    ما به هرات رفته‌ایم.

    The ending agrees with the subject: ما takes ـایم.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

The Present PerfectLevel 3

Learn This First

The present perfect is the participle plus a form of be.

Learn Next

Patterns that build on this one.