از طریق و توسط

By Way of and by

Level 5

Both stand in front of the noun alone, with no ezafe written after them.

How It Works

Notices, news and school books use these two phrases to say how something reaches you and who made it.

Phrase	Answers	Example
از طریق	By what way?	از طریق انترنت (online), از طریق بامیان (by way of Bamyan)
توسط	By whom?	توسط یک شاگرد (by a student)

توسط pairs with the passive made with شدن (see The Passive With شدن). The doer comes after توسط: این مکتب توسط یک تاجر ساخته شد. In formal writing, به وسیلهٔ can replace it.

English by has other meanings that Dari says another way. A deadline takes تا: تا جمعه (by Friday). A vehicle takes با: با موتر (by car).

Where to meet them: a hospital notice tells you to get more information از طریق انترنت, and a book’s first page names the translator with توسط. Friends talking say the plain با تیلفون or از انترنت. A pronoun can follow either phrase: از طریق او (through him or her), توسط ما (by us).

Examples (5)

می‌توانید با ما از طریق تیلفون یا انترنت تماس بگیرید.
You can contact us by phone or online.
از طریق names the channel: the phone or the internet.
ما از طریق بامیان به بند امیر رسیدیم.
We reached Band-e Amir by way of Bamyan.
از طریق names the route.
این مکتب توسط یک تاجر محلی ساخته شده است.
This school was built by a local merchant.
توسط names the doer of the passive verb ساخته شده است.
این نقاشی توسط یک شاگرد مکتب کشیده شده است.
This painting was drawn by a school student.
توسط introduces the student who made it.
معلومات زیادتر را از طریق صفحهٔ انترنتی شفاخانه می‌توانید به دست آورید.
You can get more information through the hospital's website.
از طریق names the website as the way to the information.

Common Mistakes

Using از طریق for the doer of a passive.
این کتاب از طریق یک نویسندهٔ هراتی نوشته شد.
این کتاب توسط یک نویسندهٔ هراتی نوشته شد.
The doer of a passive verb follows توسط. از طریق names a way.
Using توسط for a deadline.
کار را توسط جمعه تمام کنید.
کار را تا جمعه تمام کنید.
English by Friday is تا جمعه. توسط names a doer.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

از طریق و توسطLevel 5By Way of and by

Learn This First

These phrases work like به حیث.

به حیثIn the Role of with به حیث
Know به حیث, since از طریق is another formal phrase of this kind.
Level 5

Words in This Pattern

از طریقتوسط

Practice از طریق و توسط in Bubblegum

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