Verb Person Endings

Level 2

The past tense uses the same endings, except that he and she take no ending at all: رفت.

How It Works

Here are the six endings on رفتن (to go), in the present and in the past.

PersonEndingPresentPast
منـممی‌رومرفتم
توـیمی‌رویرفتی
اوـدمی‌رودرفت
ماـیممی‌رویمرفتیم
شماـیدمی‌رویدرفتید
آن‌هاـندمی‌روندرفتند

He and she end in ـد in the present, and in the past they end in nothing: رفت. شما takes ـید for one polite person and for many people.

A stem that ends in ا, such as آ in آمدن (to come), adds a ی before the ending: می‌آیم، می‌آیی، می‌آید. Regular verbs share these endings, so you learn them once. The forms of be, such as است, are the main exception.

Keep the pronoun and the ending in step. With شما use ـید, and with تو use ـی. A sentence such as شما می‌روی is wrong.

Examples (5)

  1. من هر شب نامه می‌نویسم.

    I write a letter every night.

    The ending ـم shows من.

  2. تو کجا می‌روی؟

    Where are you going?

    The ending ـی shows تو.

  3. او دیروز به پغمان رفت.

    She went to Paghman yesterday.

    In the past, he and she take no ending: رفت.

  4. شما دیروز چه خریدید؟

    What did you buy yesterday?

    The ending ـید shows شما, in the past as well as in the present.

  5. آن‌ها در باغ می‌نشینند.

    They sit in the garden.

    The ending ـند shows آن‌ها.

Common Mistakes

  • Using the ending of another person for شما.

    شما کجا می‌رویم؟
    شما کجا می‌روید؟

    شما needs ـید. The ending ـیم belongs to ما.

  • Leaving out the ی before the ending of آمدن.

    من فردا می‌آم.
    من فردا می‌آیم.

    The stem آ needs a ی before ـم: می‌آیم.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

Verb Person EndingsLevel 2

Learn This First

The person endings sound like the forms of be and are added to the stem.

Learn Next

Patterns that build on this one.