-게 하다
Make Someone Do, Cause
-게 하다 is used to express causation. It means you make or let someone perform an action, or cause a situation or state to occur.
Як гэта працуе
-게 하다 is a versatile causative pattern used to indicate that the subject makes, lets, or causes someone else to perform an action or be in a certain state.
1. With Action Verbs
It means 'to make' or 'to let' someone do something. The person being made to act is often marked with the particle -에게 or -한테.
- 엄마가 아이에게 책을 읽게 했어요. (Mom made the child read a book.)
- 선생님이 학생들을 조용히 하게 하셨어요. (The teacher made the students be quiet.)
The meaning can range from a strong command to gentle permission, depending on the context.
2. With Descriptive Verbs (Adjectives)
It means 'to make something' have a certain quality or be in a certain state.
- 음악이 제 기분을 좋게 해요. (Music makes my mood good.)
- 방을 깨끗하게 하세요. (Please make the room clean.)
3. -게 하다 vs. -시키다
While both are causative, they have different nuances:
- -게 하다 is broader. It can mean 'to make', 'to let', 'to allow', or to cause something indirectly. It's used with a wide range of verbs and adjectives.
- -시키다 is more direct and often implies a command, order, or training. It's frequently attached to Sino-Korean nouns (e.g., 공부하다 -> 공부시키다, 운동하다 -> 운동시키다).
For example, '부모님이 저를 유학 가게 하셨어요' (My parents let/had me study abroad) is more natural than '유학시켰어요', which sounds more like a forceful order.
Прыклады (5)
- 엄마가 아이에게 야채를 먹게 했어요.
Mom made the child eat vegetables.
Слова за словам: Mom to the child vegetables eat-게 did.
The subject (엄마) causes another person (아이) to perform an action (먹다).
- 선생님은 학생들이 자유롭게 질문하게 하셨어요.
The teacher let the students ask questions freely.
Слова за словам: The teacher students freely question-게 did (honorific).
In this context, -게 하다 has the meaning of 'to allow' or 'to let'.
- 그 영화는 많은 사람들을 슬프게 했어요.
That movie made many people sad.
Слова за словам: That movie many people sad-게 did.
Here, it's used with an adjective (슬프다) to mean 'to cause a state of being sad'.
- 저는 머리를 짧게 했어요.
I got my hair cut short. (lit. I made my hair short.)
Слова за словам: I hair short-게 did.
A common expression where you cause a state change to something. You are the one causing your hair to become short.
- 시끄러운 음악 소리가 저를 잠 못 자게 했어요.
The loud music made me unable to sleep.
Слова за словам: Loud music sound me sleep not sleep-게 did.
This shows how -게 하다 can be used with negative expressions like 못 자다.
Тыповыя памылкі
Using -시키다 when -게 하다 is more natural.
Іншае значэнне부장님이 저를 야근시켰어요.부장님이 저를 야근하게 했어요.While 야근시키다 is a valid word, 야근하게 하다 is often more natural for describing a specific instance of being made to work overtime. -시키다 can sound very forceful or like it's a part of a formal training/system. -게 하다 is more versatile for general situations.
Confusing the roles of the particles -에게 and -을/를.
제가 친구를 책을 읽게 했어요.제가 친구에게 책을 읽게 했어요.When the inner verb (읽다) takes its own object (책을), the person being made to do the action (친구) should be marked with -에게 or -한테 to avoid confusion. Using -을/를 for both can make the sentence ambiguous or sound unnatural.
Як гэта звязана
Спачатку вывучыце гэта
Звязаныя канструкцыі
- -시키다Прымусіць зрабіць, выклікаць
A direct causative pattern, often used with Sino-Korean nouns (e.g., 공부시키다). While -게 하다 can mean 'make' or 'let', -시키다 usually implies a more direct command or order.
Узровень 3 - -게 되다Стаць, апынуцца
The passive counterpart. -게 하다 means 'to cause something to happen', while -게 되다 means 'to end up in a situation' or 'for something to come to be'. It describes a change that happens without the subject's direct intention.
Узровень 4 - -도록Каб, Для Таго Каб
Can also mean 'so that' or 'in order to', and sometimes overlaps with -게 하다 in meaning 'to make someone do something'. For example, '이해하도록 설명해 주세요' (Please explain so that I can understand). However, -게 하다 is more focused on direct causation by the subject.
Узровень 3