-곤 하다
Used to, often do
-곤 하다 isetshenziselwa ukuveza isenzo esenziwa ngokuphindaphindiwe noma esasiwumkhuba. Kuhumusha ngokuthi 'often do' noma 'used to do'.
Isebenza kanjani
Isakhiwo -곤 하다 siyindlela ewusizo yokukhuluma ngemikhuba nezenzo eziphindaphindwayo ngendlela esemthethweni noma ebhaliwe kancane kunokusebenzisa izandiso ezifana no-자주 (often).
Formation:
Yakhiwa ngokunamathisela -곤 empandeni ye-verb stem, kulandelwe isenzo esithi 하다.
- Verb Stem + -곤 하다
- 먹다 (to eat) → 먹곤 하다
- 보다 (to see/watch) → 보곤 하다
- 가다 (to go) → 가곤 하다
Usage and Tense:
Isikhathi sesisho sonke sinqunywa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-하다.
- Present Habit ('often do'): -곤 해요 / -곤 합니다
e.g., 주말에는 영화를 보곤 해요. (On weekends, I often watch movies.) - Past Habit ('used to do'): -곤 했어요 / -곤 했습니다
e.g., 어렸을 때 이 공원에서 놀곤 했어요. (When I was young, I used to play in this park.)
Nuances:
Nakuba ingasetshenziselwa imikhuba yamanje, kuvame kakhulu ukukhumbula imikhuba yakudala. Kusho ukuthi isenzo sasenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile, hhayi ngempela nsuku zonke. Kumayelana nephethini ephindaphindwayo kunomkhuba oqinile.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuveza imikhuba, -곤 하다 kungazwakala kukhombisa ukucabanga okujulile noma okubhaliwe. Engxoxweni evamile, abantu bangase basebenzise isandiso esifana no-자주 nesikhathi esidlule noma samanje.
Izibonelo (4)
- 주말에는 보통 집에서 책을 읽곤 해요.
On weekends, I usually tend to read books at home.
Igama ngegama: On weekends, usually at home books read often.
Lokhu kuchaza umkhuba wamanje ophindaphindwayo.
- 학생 때 그 식당에 자주 가곤 했어요.
When I was a student, I used to go to that restaurant often.
Igama ngegama: Student time that restaurant to often go used to.
Lokhu kuchaza umkhuba wakudala kusetshenziswa -곤 했어요.
- 피곤할 때면 단것을 먹곤 합니다.
When I'm tired, I often eat something sweet.
Igama ngegama: Tired when sweet thing eat often.
- 우리는 밤늦게까지 전화로 이야기하곤 했다.
We used to talk on the phone until late at night.
Igama ngegama: We until late at night by phone talk used to do.
Ifomu elilula -곤 했다 linikeza lo musho umuzwa wokukhumbula okwedlule, njengokungathi ukhumbula inkumbulo.
Amaphutha avamile
Ukusebenzisa -곤 하다 esenzweni esenzeke kanye kuphela.
어제 공원에서 산책하곤 했어요.어제 공원에서 산책했어요.-곤 하다 kungenzelwe izenzo eziphindaphindwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuphela. Esenzweni esisodwa esenzeke kanye esikhathini esidlule, kufanele usebenzise past tense elula.
Ukunamathisela -곤 하다 ezichazamazwini.
Incazelo ehlukile작년 겨울은 아주 춥곤 했어요.작년 겨울은 아주 추웠어요.Lesi sakhiwo sichaza izenzo eziphindaphindwayo, ngakho singasetshenziswa kuphela nezenzo ezenzayo. Asikwazi ukusetshenziswa nezenzo ezichazayo (izichazamazwi) ukuchaza isimo.
Ihlangana kanjani
Funda lokhu kuqala
Izakhiwo ezihlobene
- -던Had been -ing
Zombili zingachaza imikhuba yakudala. Nokho, -던 isiguquli sebizo (isib. 내가 읽던 책 - incwadi engangivame ukuyifunda), kanti -곤 하다 yisisho sezenzo esiqedela umusho (isib. 나는 그 책을 읽곤 했다 - ngangivame ukuyifunda leyo ncwadi).
Izinga 3 - -는 편이다Tend To, Rather
Zombili zichaza imikhuba. -는 편이다 ('tend to') ichaza isici esijwayelekile noma ukuthambekela, kanti -곤 하다 ichaza izenzo eziphindaphindwayo eziqondile. '저는 일찍 자는 편이에요' (Ngivame ukulala kusenesikhathi) vs. '저는 자기 전에 책을 읽곤 해요' (Ngivame ukufunda incwadi ngaphambi kokulala).
Izinga 3 - -기 일쑤이다Often, frequently
Zombili zichaza izinto ezenzeka njalo. Nokho, -기 일쑤이다 ('often do', 'be common') cishe njalo inencazelo engemihle, ebhekisela entweni engathandeki eyenzeka njalo. -곤 하다 ayikhethi hlangothi.
Izinga 5