-하고
And
-하고 is a particle that attaches to nouns. It means 'and' when listing nouns, and 'with' when doing something with someone.
運作方式
-하고 is a versatile particle with two main uses:
1. Listing Nouns ('and')
This is its most common function. You attach it to a noun to connect it to the next noun in a list.
- 빵하고 우유 (bread and milk)
- 사과하고 바나나 (apples and bananas)
Unlike the particle 와/과, -하고 is used more frequently in everyday conversation and doesn't change based on the final sound of the noun.
2. Indicating Accompaniment ('with')
When used with a person or animal, -하고 means you are doing an action 'with' them.
- 친구하고 영화를 봐요. (I watch a movie with a friend.)
- 동생하고 놀아요. (I play with my younger sibling.)
In this sense, it is similar to '같이' (together), which is often used with -하고 for emphasis: 친구하고 같이...
例句 (5)
- 빵하고 우유를 샀어요.
I bought bread and milk.
逐字翻譯： Bread and milk bought.
- 저는 개하고 고양이를 좋아해요.
I like dogs and cats.
逐字翻譯： I dog and cat like.
- 친구하고 공원에 갔어요.
I went to the park with my friend.
逐字翻譯： Friend with park to went.
- 어제 엄마하고 쇼핑했어요.
I went shopping with my mom yesterday.
逐字翻譯： Yesterday mom with shopped.
- 책상 위에 책하고 펜이 있어요.
There is a book and a pen on the desk.
逐字翻譯： Desk on top of book and pen exist.
常見錯誤
Using -하고 to connect verbs or sentences instead of nouns.
공부했어요하고 영화를 봤어요.공부하고 영화를 봤어요.-하고 is a particle that connects nouns only. To connect actions or clauses (like 'I studied and then I watched a movie'), you should use the verb connector -고.
相關句型
- 와/과和，與
Both mean 'and' or 'with' for nouns. However, 와/과 is more common in writing and formal speech, while -하고 is used more in everyday conversation.
等級 1 - -고和，然後
While -하고 connects nouns, -고 connects verbs and adjectives. It's a common mistake to confuse them. For example, 'bread and milk' is 빵하고 우유, but 'eat and sleep' is 먹고 자다.
等級 1 - -도也，還，甚至
-하고 lists items together ('A and B'), while -도 means 'also' or 'too'. It adds an item to a pre-existing or implied list. '빵하고 우유' (bread and milk) vs. '빵도 우유도' (bread and milk too).
等級 1 - 한테給，向
Both are used with people, but have different meanings. -하고 means 'with' someone, indicating joint action (e.g., 친구하고 놀아요 - I play with a friend). 한테 means 'to' someone, indicating the recipient of an action (e.g., 친구한테 선물을 줘요 - I give a gift to a friend).
等級 1 - -랑和，與（非正式）
Another casual connector with the same meaning - both are used in spoken Korean.
等級 1