동안
Wakati wa, wakati
동안 inamaanisha 'wakati wa' au 'kwa' na inaashiria kipindi cha muda. Inatumika baada ya nomino kama 'likizo' (방학 동안) au 'wikendi' (주말 동안).
Jinsi unavyofanya kazi
동안 ni nomino inayomaanisha 'wakati wa' au 'kwa (kipindi cha muda)'. Inatumika kuonyesha muda ambao kitendo au hali inaendelea.
1. Pamoja na Nomino
Inawekwa moja kwa moja baada ya nomino inayowakilisha kipindi cha muda.
- 방학 (likizo) → 방학 동안 (wakati wa likizo)
- 주말 (wikendi) → 주말 동안 (wakati wa wikendi)
- 10분 (dakika 10) → 10분 동안 (kwa dakika 10)
2. Pamoja na Vitenzi
Ili kusema 'wakati wa kufanya kitendo', lazima utumie umbo la -는 동안. Hili huambatana na shina la kitenzi.
- 보다 (kutazama) → 보는 동안 (wakati wa kutazama)
- 기다리다 (kusubiri) → 기다리는 동안 (wakati wa kusubiri)
Tofauti Muhimu:
- 동안 dhidi ya 때: 동안 inarejelea muda wote wa shughuli. 때 inarejelea hatua au wakati maalum. Kwa mfano, '수업 동안' inamaanisha 'wakati wa (kipindi chote cha) darasa', wakati '수업 때' inamaanisha 'wakati wa darasa' au 'darasa lilipokuwa likiendelea'.
- -는 동안 dhidi ya -면서: Zote zinaweza kumaanisha 'wakati'. Hata hivyo, -면서 inahitaji mtenda-jambo wa vitendo vyote viwili awe yuleyule. -는 동안 inaweza kutumika hata wakati watenda-jambo ni tofauti. Tazama mifano na makosa ya kawaida kwa ufafanuzi zaidi.
Mifano (5)
- 방학 동안 여행을 갈 거예요.
I'm going to travel during the vacation.
Neno kwa neno: Vacation during travel will go.
- 수업 동안 조용히 해야 해요.
You have to be quiet during class.
Neno kwa neno: Class during quietly must do.
- 영화를 보는 동안 전화하지 마세요.
Please don't call while I'm watching the movie.
Neno kwa neno: Movie watching during call don't do please.
- 제가 요리하는 동안 아이는 숙제를 했어요.
While I was cooking, the child did their homework.
Neno kwa neno: I cooking during child homework did.
Mfano huu unaonyesha jinsi -는 동안 inavyoweza kutumika wakati watenda-jambo wa vishazi viwili ni tofauti ('mimi' na 'mtoto').
- 3년 동안 한국어를 공부했어요.
I studied Korean for three years.
Neno kwa neno: 3 years for Korean studied.
Makosa ya kawaida
Kutumia -면서 wakati watenda-jambo wa vitendo viwili ni tofauti.
제가 운전하면서 친구는 잤어요.제가 운전하는 동안 친구는 잤어요.-면서 inaweza kutumika tu wakati mtu yuleyule anafanya vitendo vyote viwili. Kwa kuwa 'mimi' naendesha gari na 'rafiki yangu' analala, lazima utumie -는 동안.
Kuchanganya 동안 (muda) na 때 (hatua ya wakati).
한국에 도착하는 동안 전화 주세요.한국에 도착했을 때 전화 주세요.도착하는 것 (kufika) ni hatua, si muda mrefu. Kwa hiyo, 때 ('wakati') ndiyo chaguo sahihi. 동안 ingetumika kwa kitendo kirefu zaidi, kama '한국에 여행하는 동안' (wakati wa kusafiri Korea).
Jinsi inavyounganishwa
Miundo inayohusiana
- -는 동안Wakati, Wakati wa
Hili ni umbo maalum linalotumika kuunganisha 동안 na kitenzi, kumaanisha 'wakati wa kufanya [kitenzi]'. Ni matumizi ya moja kwa moja ya muundo wa 동안 kwa vitendo.
Kiwango 3 - 때Wakati, Wakati Wa
Zote zinaashiria wakati. 때 inarejelea hatua au wakati maalum ('wakati'), wakati 동안 inarejelea muda wote wa kipindi ('wakati wa', 'kwa').
Kiwango 2 - -(으)면서Wakati
Zote zinaweza kumaanisha 'wakati'. Hata hivyo, -면서 inatumika wakati mtenda-jambo yuleyule anafanya vitendo viwili kwa wakati mmoja. -는 동안 inatumika wakati watenda-jambo wanaweza kuwa tofauti.
Kiwango 3 - 전에Kabla
Inarejelea wakati 'kabla' ya tukio, ambayo ni kinyume cha muda wa 동안, inayomaanisha 'wakati wa' tukio.
Kiwango 1 - 후에/뒤에Baada Ya, Baadaye
Inarejelea wakati 'baada' ya tukio, ambayo ni kinyume cha muda wa 동안, inayomaanisha 'wakati wa' tukio.
Kiwango 1 - -중Katikati ya, wakati wa
Sawa na 동안, -중 inamaanisha 'katikati ya' au 'kwa sasa anafanya'. Kwa mfano, '회의 중' (katikati ya mkutano) ni sawa na '회의하는 동안' (wakati wa mkutano). Hata hivyo, -중 mara nyingi hutumika katika miktadha rasmi au ya kimaandishi zaidi.
Kiwango 2