-나 마나
Ali ali ne, nesmiselno
Uporablja se za izražanje, da je dejanje nesmiselno, ker bo rezultat v vsakem primeru enak.
Kako deluje
Slovnični vzorec -나 마나 / -으나 마나 se uporablja za izražanje, da je opravljanje dejanja nesmiselno, ker bo rezultat enak, ne glede na to, ali ga opravite ali ne. Prenaša občutek jalovosti ali predvidljivega, nespremenljivega izida.
Kako uporabljati:
Pripnite na glagolski koren.
- Za korene, ki se končajo na samoglasnik ali ㄹ: Odstranite ㄹ in pripnite -나 마나. (npr., 가다 → 가나 마나; 만들다 → 만드나 마나)
- Za korene, ki se končajo na soglasnik (razen ㄹ): Pripnite -으나 마나. (npr., 먹다 → 먹으나 마나)
Čeprav se -나 마나 včasih pogovorno uporablja za korene na soglasnik, je -으나 마나 slovnično standardna oblika. Za nepravilne glagole veljajo običajne spremembe pred dodajanjem -으나 마나 (npr., 묻다 → 물으나 마나).
Temu izrazu pogosto sledi besedna zveza, ki potrjuje predvidljiv izid, kot so:
- 똑같다 (enako je)
- 소용없다 (ni koristno)
- 뻔하다 (očitno je)
- Izjava, ki opisuje neizogiben rezultat.
Na primer, če veste, da bo prijatelj zavrnil vašo prošnjo, lahko rečete: "부탁하나 마나 거절할 거예요," kar pomeni "Nesmiselno je prositi; vseeno bo zavrnil."
Podobno je angleškim izrazom "There's no point in..." ali "It makes no difference whether..."
Primeri (4)
- 그에게 물어보나 마나 대답은 똑같을 거예요.
It's pointless to ask him; his answer will be the same anyway.
Beseda za besedo: To him ask whether or not the answer will be the same.
- 지금 출발하나 마나 기차는 이미 떠났어요.
Whether we leave now or not, it's no use; the train has already left.
Beseda za besedo: Now depart whether or not the train already left.
- 그 영화는 보나 마나 결말이 뻔해요.
There's no point in watching that movie; the ending is obvious.
Beseda za besedo: That movie watch whether or not the ending is obvious.
- 약을 먹으나 마나 감기가 낫지 않아요.
Whether I take medicine or not, my cold doesn't get better.
Beseda za besedo: Medicine take whether or not the cold does not get better.
For verb stems ending in a consonant, like 먹다, the standard grammatical form is -으나 마나.
Pogoste napake
Confusing -나 마나 with patterns expressing choice, like -거나.
시험을 보거나 마나 떨어질 거예요.시험을 보나 마나 떨어질 거예요.-거나 is used to list alternative actions (A or B). -나 마나 is a set phrase meaning 'whether one does X or not, the result is the same'. The incorrect sentence sounds like you're choosing between taking the test and not taking it, which is awkward. The correct sentence means 'It's pointless to take the test; I'll fail anyway.'
Kako je povezano
Najprej se nauči to
Sorodni vzorci
- -아/어 봤자Tudi če to storiš
Both express futility. -아/어 봤자 means 'even if you do X, it's no use', focusing on the lack of a positive result despite the action. -나 마나 focuses on the outcome being identical whether the action is performed or not.
Raven 4 - -거나 말거나Ali ali ne
Both mean 'whether or not', but the nuance is different. -거나 말거나 expresses the speaker's indifference to someone else's action ('I don't care if you do it or not'). -나 마나 expresses that the action itself is pointless due to a fixed outcome.
Raven 4 - -더라도Even if, although
-더라도 means 'even if' or 'although' and presents a hypothetical condition that doesn't affect the main clause. It doesn't necessarily imply futility. Example: '가더라도 전화해' (Even if you go, call me). -나 마나 specifically implies the action is useless.
Raven 4 - -(으)ㄹ 필요가 있다/없다Potreba, ni treba
-나 마나 often implies that there is -ㄹ 필요가 없다 (no need to do something). If an action is '하나 마나' (pointless to do), then logically there is '할 필요가 없다' (no need to do it).
Raven 3