-(i)ng (buyruq)

Polite Commands: -(i)ng

Level 1

kel- + -ing → keling: Come in, please. oʻqi- + -ng → oʻqing: Read, please.

How It Works

Two shapes
• after a consonant, -ing: kel- → keling, oʻtir- → oʻtiring, ayt- → ayting
• after a vowel, -ng: oʻqi- → oʻqing, qara- → qarang, ishla- → ishlang

Who it is for
Use it with anyone you call siz. Guests hear Keling, oʻtiring! (Come in, sit down!) as a warm welcome, not an order. The bare stem (Kel! Oʻtir!) is the familiar command for friends and children, and it can sound rude to a stranger.

Extra polite: -ingiz
oʻtir- + -ingiz → oʻtiringiz, kel- + -ingiz → kelingiz. After a vowel it is -ngiz: qarangiz. This form is more ceremonious; you will hear it in formal speech and from older speakers.

Softer still
Add iltimos (please): Iltimos, sekin gapiring (Please speak slowly).

Saying don't
Put -ma before the ending: kelmang (please don't come). See negative commands.

Same sound, different job
The possessive -(i)ng (your) looks the same but goes on nouns: kitobing (your book). The command goes on verb stems.

Examples (6)

  1. Keling!

    Come in!

    Word by Word: come-please

    A warm way to welcome a guest.

  2. Oʻtiring.

    Please sit down.

    Word by Word: sit-please

    oʻtir- ends in a consonant, so it takes -ing.

  3. Iltimos, sekin gapiring.

    Please speak slowly.

    Word by Word: please slowly speak-please

    gapir- + -ing. iltimos makes the request even softer.

  4. Bu yerga qarang.

    Look here, please.

    Word by Word: this place-to look-please

    qara- ends in a vowel, so the ending is -ng.

  5. Kitobni oʻqing.

    Read the book, please.

    Word by Word: book-the read-please

    oʻqi- + -ng. The i of the stem stays; the ending adds no second i.

  6. Marhamat, oʻtiringiz.

    Please, do sit down.

    Word by Word: please sit-please(respectful)

    -ingiz is extra respectful, as when hosting an honoured guest.

Common Mistakes

  • Keeping the vowel of -ing after a vowel stem.

    Kitobni oʻqiing.
    Kitobni oʻqing.

    After a vowel, the ending is only -ng: oʻqi- + -ng → oʻqing.

  • Using the bare-stem command with a teacher, whom you address as siz.

    Ustoz, oʻtir.
    Ustoz, oʻtiring.

    The bare stem is the familiar command for sen. For someone you call siz, add -ing.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

-(i)ng (buyruq)Level 1Polite Commands: -(i)ng

Learn This First

Builds on The Dictionary Form -moq and You (Polite or Plural).

Learn Next

Patterns that build on this one.

Words in This Pattern