ustida
On Top of
ust means top. stol ustida is literally at the table's top: Kitob stol ustida (The book is on the table).
How It Works
Uzbek has no little word like English on. It uses a noun, ust (top), with a possessive and a case ending, and puts it after the other noun.
- stol ustida (on the table): the everyday form, with no -ning on stol, like other noun pairs without -ning.
- stolning ustida (on the table): adding -ning is also correct and points at one particular thing: uyning ustida (on top of the house).
Change the last ending for movement. stol ustida (on the table), stol ustiga (onto the table), stol ustidan (off the table). See koʻmakchi ot + kelishik.
Why not just -da? stolda means at or on the table in a loose sense. stol ustida makes it clear that the thing is lying on top.
Working on something. ustida ishlamoq means to work on a task: Yangi loyiha ustida ishlayapman (I am working on a new project).
Examples (5)
- Kitob stol ustida.
The book is on the table.
Word by Word: Book table top-its-at.
- Kalitlar javon ustida.
The keys are on the shelf.
Word by Word: Keys shelf top-its-at.
- Uyning ustida laylak uyasi bor.
There is a stork's nest on top of the house.
Word by Word: House's top-its-at stork nest-its exists.
- Sumkani stul ustiga qoʻying.
Put the bag on the chair.
Word by Word: Bag-the chair top-its-to put.
Movement onto a place takes -ga: ustiga.
- Yangi loyiha ustida ishlayapman.
I am working on a new project.
Word by Word: New project top-its-at I-am-working.
ustida ishlamoq means to work on a task.
Common Mistakes
Leaving out the possessive -i.
Kitob stol ustda.Kitob stol ustida.ust needs its possessive ending before -da: ust + -i + -da → ustida.
Putting ustida before the noun, English-style, when you mean "The book is on the table".
Kitob ustida stol.Kitob stol ustida.ustida follows the noun it describes. Kitob ustida stol would put the table on top of the book.
Using -da with a verb of putting.
Sumkani stul ustida qoʻying.Sumkani stul ustiga qoʻying.qoʻymoq (to put) takes the place it goes to with -ga, so say ustiga.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Builds on His, Her or Its: -(s)i and In, At or On: -da.
Related Patterns
- tagida / ostidaUnder
The opposite place word: under.
Level 2 - ichidaInside
The same kind of place word for inside.
Level 2 - oldida / orqasidaIn Front of and Behind
The same kind of place word for in front of and behind.
Level 2 - yonidaNext to
The same kind of place word for next to.
Level 2 - Place Words With Different Endings
How ustiga and ustidan change the meaning to onto and off.
Level 3
Words in This Pattern
Practice ustida in Bubblegum
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