-dosh

Fellow: -dosh

Level 3

The ending -dosh means someone who shares the thing named: sinf (class) → sinfdosh (classmate), vatan (homeland) → vatandosh (compatriot), yoʻl (road) → yoʻldosh (travel companion).

How It Works

-dosh turns a noun into a word for a person who shares it with someone:

  • sinfdosh (classmate), from sinf (class)
  • kursdosh (a fellow student in the same year)
  • vatandosh (compatriot), from vatan (homeland)
  • yoʻldosh (travel companion), from yoʻl (road)
  • tengdosh (someone of the same age), from teng (equal)
  • fikrdosh (a like-minded person), from fikr (thought)

Some -dosh words are everyday vocabulary whose first part is no longer used alone, such as qarindosh (relative). Yoʻldosh also means satellite: sunʼiy yoʻldosh (an artificial satellite).

Using the words. They are ordinary nouns, so they take possessive endings and plurals: sinfdoshim (my classmate), vatandoshlarimiz (our compatriots). They can also be the predicate: Biz tengdoshmiz (We are the same age).

Written together. Like every ending, -dosh is written as part of the word: sinfdosh.

A prefix with the same idea. Words from Persian often use the prefix ham- instead: hamkasb (colleague), hamshahar (someone from the same town). A few pairs mean the same, such as kasbdosh and hamkasb (colleague). Use one or the other, never both in one word.

Compare. -lik says where someone is from, and -chi names a person by what they do.

Examples (5)

  1. Bu mening sinfdoshim.

    This is my classmate.

    Word by Word: This my classmate-my.

  2. Biz tengdoshmiz.

    We are the same age.

    Word by Word: We same-age-mates-are-we.

  3. Safarda yaxshi yoʻldosh topdim.

    I found a good travel companion on the trip.

    Word by Word: Trip-on good companion found-I.

  4. Chet eldagi vatandoshlarimiz ham bayramni nishonlashdi.

    Our compatriots abroad also celebrated the holiday.

    Word by Word: Foreign land-at-the compatriots-our also holiday-ACC celebrated-they.

  5. Toʻyga barcha qarindoshlar keldi.

    All the relatives came to the wedding.

    Word by Word: Wedding-to all relatives came.

    Qarindosh is an everyday -dosh word.

Common Mistakes

  • Writing -dosh as a separate word.

    Bu mening sinf doshim.
    Bu mening sinfdoshim.

    -dosh is an ending, so it is written together with the noun: sinfdosh.

  • Using both ham- and -dosh in one word.

    Bu mening hamkasbdoshim.
    Bu mening hamkasbim.

    Ham- and -dosh both mean sharing, so one is enough: hamkasb or kasbdosh.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

-doshLevel 3Fellow: -dosh

Learn This First

Builds on Where Someone Is From: -lik.