جس / جن + Postposition

Relative Pronouns with Case

Level 3

Choose the form from the relative expression’s role.

How It Works

A person may have one role in the relative clause and another in the main clause. In جس شخص سے میں ملا، وہ استاد ہے, سے marks the person met; وہ is the unmarked subject of the main statement.

Before نے, use the appropriate oblique relative form as well. جس لڑکی نے خط لکھا identifies the girl who wrote the letter; the relative perfective follows its usual agreement rule.

With possession, the final کا, کی or کے agrees with what is possessed. In جس کی کتاب, کی follows feminine کتاب, not the possessor’s gender.

Examples (4)

  1. جس شخص سے میں ملا، وہ استاد ہے۔

    The person I met is a teacher.

    The relative phrase uses سے; the main clause uses unmarked وہ.

  2. جن بچوں کو میں جانتا ہوں، وہ یہاں پڑھتے ہیں۔

    The children I know study here.

    Plural reference before کو selects جن بچوں.

  3. جس لڑکی نے خط لکھا، وہ میری دوست ہے۔

    The girl who wrote the letter is my friend.

    جس is oblique because the relative subject has نے.

  4. وہ شخص جس کی کتاب میرے پاس ہے، کل آئے گا۔

    The person whose book I have will come tomorrow.

    کی agrees with کتاب.

Common Mistakes

  • Keeping direct جو before a postposition.

    جو شخص سے میں ملا، وہ استاد ہے۔
    جس شخص سے میں ملا، وہ استاد ہے۔

    Use oblique جس before the postposition phrase.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

جس / جن + PostpositionLevel 3Relative Pronouns with Case

Learn This First

Identify the role played by the relative pronoun within its clause. Recognize oblique pronoun forms before a postposition.

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Patterns that build on this one.

Words in This Pattern

جو