ด้วย

Too and with

Level 1

ด้วย (dûuai) can mark addition ('too'), introduce an instrument ('with'), or help frame a request. The examples also show ด้วยกัน, 'together'.

How It Works

The examples show several uses of ด้วย. Interpret its function from the complete construction, not from position alone. These examples do not establish a frequency ranking or a single rule for all uses.

  • Addition ('Too' Or 'Also'): In the displayed selection, ด้วย adds this item to what the speaker takes. It follows the action and item, while the final polite particle follows it. In the shorter going task, the intended additive order is subject + action + ด้วย; the original written illustration Phom bpai dûuai represents 'I'll go too'. Do not turn this task into a requirement that ด้วย be the last word of every sentence.
  • Instrument ('With' Or 'By Means Of'): In the pen example, ด้วย introduces the instrument phrase after the action. Compare กับ in complete accompaniment or joining constructions. For the spoon task, the intended instrument is expressed with ด้วย. This is not a rule that กับ can only refer to people, or that every use of ด้วย must introduce a physical tool.
  • Request Marker: In the door example, ด้วย helps frame the requested action, with ให้ indicating that the action is done for someone. The English 'for me' supplies a beneficiary from context; no first-person Thai pronoun is written. The sentence also has นะ. It can be interpreted as an appeal, but the relationship, situation, and delivery affect its politeness. Compare the final polite particles ครับ/ค่ะ in their own complete constructions. ด้วย does not by itself promise a less demanding effect or require a previously mentioned list of tasks.

Together And Other Contexts
In the displayed going question, ด้วยกัน means 'together', and ไหม marks the question. The supplied English invitation is one contextual rendering. The written phrase ด้วยเหตุนี้ means 'for this reason'; its causal reading is different from addition, the instrument example, or a request. These uses do not make ด้วย and โดย interchangeable in every construction. Written forms show the structure but do not determine how a particular speaker delivers the request.

Examples (4)

  1. ผมเอาอันนี้ด้วยครับ

    I'll take this one too, please.

    Word by Word: I take this one also [polite]

    ด้วย means 'too' or 'also' here, adding this item to the speaker's selection. It follows อันนี้, while ครับ is the final polite particle.

  2. เขียนด้วยปากกาสีน้ำเงิน

    Write with a blue pen.

    Word by Word: Write with pen color blue

    ด้วย introduces ปากกาสีน้ำเงิน, the instrument used for writing: a blue pen.

  3. ปิดประตูให้ด้วยนะ

    Please close the door (for me).

    Word by Word: Close door give also [softener]

    ด้วย helps mark this request, and นะ adds an appeal to the listener. ให้ indicates that the action is done for someone; 'for me' is inferred in the supplied English. A polite or less demanding interpretation depends on context and delivery.

  4. เราไปด้วยกันไหม

    Shall we go together?

    Word by Word: We go together [question]

    ด้วยกัน means 'together' in this question, and ไหม marks the question. The supplied English invitation gives one contextual interpretation.

Common Mistakes

  • Placing ด้วย before ไป in the intended 'I go too' statement.

    ผมด้วยไป
    ผมไปด้วย

    For the intended additive statement in this task, use ผมไปด้วย, with ด้วย after ไป. ผมด้วยไป does not express the requested order. This contrast does not establish the position of ด้วย in every other construction.

  • Using กับ when the task asks for a clear instrument phrase with a spoon.

    กินกับช้อน
    กินด้วยช้อน

    For the intended utensil meaning in this task, use กินด้วยช้อน: ด้วย introduces the spoon used for eating. The contrast with กินกับช้อน is a choice of wording for this instrument exercise, not proof that กับ can only describe people or that the spoon must be interpreted as a person.

How It Connects

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ด้วยLevel 1Too and with

Learn This First

To understand 'ด้วย', you need to be comfortable with basic Thai sentence structure (SVO) and have a grasp of how Thai handles simple connections like 'with' (กับ) and 'also' (ก็) to distinguish their specific usages.

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Words in This Pattern

ด้วยด้วยด้วย