พ.ศ.
The Buddhist Era
พ.ศ. abbreviates พุทธศักราช, Buddhist Era. In the modern dates practiced here, the Buddhist Era year number is 543 greater than the Common Era number. Preserve both dots.
How It Works
1. Identify the Era Before the Number
พ.ศ. abbreviates พุทธศักราช. The retained date วันที่ 15 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2567 places it before 2567. Compare the linked date constructions in their complete examples.
2. Convert the Modern Dates Shown Here
For the modern January-to-December calendar years practiced here, add 543 to the Common Era number, or subtract 543 from the Buddhist Era number. Thus 2025 + 543 = 2568, 2550 - 543 = 2007, 2562 - 543 = 2019, and 2567 - 543 = 2024. Historical dates require their own calendar context; do not apply one offset to every date in Thai history.
3. Preserve the Established Written Form
Write พ.ศ. with both dots, as displayed in the second exercise. The Royal Society abbreviation guidelines retain this established form. They give full-word reading as the general instruction and also recognize some accepted letter readings; the displayed examples do not establish a mandatory casual-versus-formal pronunciation rule for every use of พ.ศ. or a universal way of saying all year numbers.
4. Read the Complete Date and Context
The first example describes a film screening, the second a law being in force, and the third a calendar date. The law sentence contains พ.ศ.; that does not prove this abbreviation is required in every legal document. A year number alone does not certify a product’s safety or whether a printed date is an expiry or best-before date. Thai numerals and Arabic numerals can represent the year; compare the linked digit forms without assuming all official documents use one set.
5. Keep Other Era Markers Separate
The final example uses ค.ศ. for the Common Era. Identify the marker before converting its number. ร.ศ. is a different historical-era abbreviation; its dates require separate evidence. This lesson does not provide a universal historical conversion formula.
Examples (4)
- ไชยา เป็นภาพยนตร์ไทยที่ออกฉายในปี พ.ศ. 2550
Chaiya is a Thai film that was screened in B.E. 2550 (2007).
Word by Word: Chaiya / be / Thai film / that / be screened / in year / B.E. 2550
The sentence places พ.ศ. after ปี and before 2550. ออกฉาย describes a film being screened or released, not two independent actions of going out and shining. The example is a language construction, not a separately verified film-history record.
- กฎหมายฉบับนี้มีผลบังคับใช้ตั้งแต่ พ.ศ. 2562 เป็นต้นมา
This law has been in effect since B.E. 2562 (2019).
Word by Word: law [classifier] this / be in force / since / B.E. 2562 / from that point onward
The retained law sentence uses พ.ศ. before 2562 and ตั้งแต่…เป็นต้นมา for the period beginning then. It does not establish a requirement for every legal or bureaucratic context.
- วันที่ 15 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2567
January 15, B.E. 2567 (2024).
Word by Word: date / 15 / January / B.E. 2567
วันที่ introduces the displayed calendar date. Read the day number, month and era-marked year together; ที่ here is not the demonstrative that.
- บริษัทนี้ก่อตั้งเมื่อ ค.ศ. 1999
This company was founded in C.E. 1999.
Word by Word: company this / be founded / in / C.E. 1999
This retained company sentence uses ค.ศ., the Common Era marker, rather than พ.ศ. Its wording does not establish a frequency claim about multinational companies.
Common Mistakes
Writing the Gregorian year after a pre-printed พ.ศ. on official forms.
เกิดวันที่ 10 พฤษภาคม พ.ศ. 1995เกิดวันที่ 10 พฤษภาคม พ.ศ. 2538The requested birth date is in the modern year C.E. 1995, which corresponds to B.E. 2538. Choose the complete form เกิดวันที่ 10 พฤษภาคม พ.ศ. 2538. The retained alternative puts 1995 after พ.ศ., so it names a different era-year number. This exercise is not a rule for every historical birth date or a certification of government-form requirements.
Omitting the periods in formal writing.
ปี พศ 2568ปี พ.ศ. 2568For the requested established spelling, choose ปี พ.ศ. 2568 with both dots. The retained ปี พศ 2568 omits them. This is a comparison of the displayed initialism, not a claim about how often undotted forms appear in casual writing.
How It Connects
Learn This First
To understand พ.ศ., you need to be familiar with how Thai people write numbers and dates, as well as the use of the abbreviation mark in Thai script.
Related Patterns
- Dotted Abbreviations
Compare พ.ศ. and its established dots with the linked abbreviation guidelines; different abbreviations retain their own forms.
Level 6 - Speech And Writing Differ
Read the linked register examples in context; these written dates do not establish a drastic or mandatory pronunciation split.
Level 5 - Thai Numerals
Compare Thai digit forms with the year number, without inferring that every official document excludes Arabic numerals.
Foundations