кој и да / што и да / каде и да
Whoever and Whatever
Add и да after a question word to say "-ever": Што и да правиш, прави го добро. (Whatever you do, do it well.)
How It Works
The pattern. Question word + и да + present verb, then a comma and the main clause.
- кој и да, whoever: Кој и да дојде, кажи му да почека.
- што и да, whatever: Што и да се случи, ќе бидам тука.
- каде и да, wherever: Каде и да одиш, јави ми се.
- кога и да, whenever: Кога и да дојдеш, ќе те чекаме.
- како и да, however: Како и да е, мора да одиме. (Anyway, we have to go.)
The verb. The verb after да has a person ending, as after сака да. Because it follows да, a perfective verb can stand in the present: дојде, се случи. See perfective verbs after да. Do not add ќе in this half: say Кој и да дојде, not кој и да ќе дојде. For a repeated or ongoing past, use the imperfect after да, never the aorist: Каде и да одевме, нѐ пречекуваа убаво. (Wherever we went, people welcomed us warmly.)
Keep both и and да. In a whole clause, together they give the "-ever" meaning. Only a few fixed phrases can drop и: што да е (anything). Without и, a question word with да asks what to do: Што да правам? means "What should I do?" See asking what to do.
The main clause. It often gives a command or a promise. A short pronoun can point back to the first half: Што и да правиш, прави го добро (го = what you do).
Fixed phrases. Кој и да е means "whoever it is" or "anyone", and како и да е means "anyway". To say "any at all" inside a sentence, see кој било. For "however much", see колку и да.
Examples (6)
- Што и да правиш, прави го добро.
Whatever you do, do it well.
Word by Word: What and to you-do, do it well.
- Каде и да одиш, јави ми се.
Wherever you go, call me.
Word by Word: Where and to you-go, call me self.
- Кој и да дојде, кажи му да почека.
Whoever comes, tell them to wait.
Word by Word: Who and to comes, tell him to wait.
Му is masculine because кој is masculine, but it covers anyone who comes.
- Кога и да дојдеш, ќе те чекаме.
Whenever you come, we will be waiting for you.
Word by Word: When and to you-come, will you we-wait.
- Што и да се случи, ќе бидам тука.
Whatever happens, I will be here.
Word by Word: What and to self happens, will I-be here.
Се случи is perfective. It can stand in the present because it follows да.
- Како и да е, мора да одиме.
Anyway, we have to go.
Word by Word: How and to is, must to we-go.
Common Mistakes
Putting ќе after и да.
Кој и да ќе дојде, кажи му да почека.Кој и да дојде, кажи му да почека.Да and ќе do not go together here. The present after да already points to the future.
Leaving out да.
Каде и одиш, јави ми се.Каде и да одиш, јави ми се.The "-ever" meaning needs both words, и and да, before the verb.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Whoever builds on и да and question words.
Related Patterns
- кој било / било којAnyone at All
Кој било means "any at all" inside a sentence, while кој и да opens a whole clause about whoever does something.
Level 4 - колку и даNo Matter How Much
Uses the same и да after колку to say "however much".
Level 5 - некој / нешто / некаде / некогашSomeone Something and Somewhere
The ordinary words for someone, something and somewhere, with no "-ever" meaning.
Level 2 - да / ќе / ако + Perfective VerbPerfective Verbs After Да Ќе and Ако
Explains why a perfective present such as дојде or се случи can follow да.
Level 2 - што да правамAsking What to Do
Without и, a question word with да asks what to do: Што да правам?
Level 3
Words in This Pattern
Practice кој и да / што и да / каде и да in Bubblegum
Poppy, your AI tutor, writes Macedonian lessons at your level. Tap any grammar point in a lesson to see its full explanation.
