да / ќе / ако + Perfective Verb
Perfective Verbs After Да Ќе and Ако
In ordinary sentences, a perfective present does not stand alone. It appears after да, ќе, ако and a few similar words: Сакам да купам леб, Ќе го напишам писмото.
How It Works
The words that allow it. The most common are да (Сакам да ти кажам нешто), ќе (Ќе ти кажам утре), нема да (Нема да ти кажам), ако (Ако дојдеш, ќе одиме во кино) and нека (Нека дојде). With кога, a future event needs ќе as well: Кога ќе дојдеш, ќе јадеме. See кога ќе. In casual speech you may also hear a perfective present alone in a negative question: Што не седнеш? (Why don't you sit down?).
Choosing the aspect after да. Both aspects can follow да, and the choice changes the meaning. Сакам да читам is about the activity of reading. Сакам да ја прочитам оваа книга is about reading this book to the end. The same holds after ќе: Ќе учам (I will study) and Ќе го научам зборот (I will learn the word).
Same form as the aorist. In the he or she form, a perfective present can look like the aorist: купи. The word in front decides. Да купи and ќе купи are present forms, but Вчера купи леб (he bought bread yesterday) is the aorist.
Examples (6)
- Сакам да купам леб.
I want to buy some bread.
Да allows the perfective present купам.
- Ќе го напишам писмото утре.
I will write the letter tomorrow.
Ќе allows the perfective present напишам.
- Ако дојдеш рано, ќе одиме на кафе.
If you come early, we will go for a coffee.
Ако allows the perfective present дојдеш.
- Мора да ја прочиташ оваа книга.
You must read this book.
The perfective прочиташ means reading the whole book.
- Кога ќе заврши филмот, ќе ти се јавам.
When the film ends, I will call you.
For a future event, кога is followed by ќе.
- Нема да ти кажам.
I will not tell you.
Нема да also allows a perfective present.
Common Mistakes
Using a perfective present on its own.
Јас купам леб.Јас купувам леб.A perfective present cannot stand alone. For now, use the imperfective купувам. For the future, say Ќе купам леб.
Leaving out ќе after кога for a future event.
Кога дојдеш, ќе јадеме.Кога ќе дојдеш, ќе јадеме.Кога alone does not allow a perfective present. A future time clause needs кога ќе.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Perfective presents after да, ќе and ако need aspect and ќе.
Related Patterns
- сака да + Present TenseWanting to Do Something
Да clauses after сака often use a perfective verb.
Level 2 - ако + Present TenseReal Conditions
Real conditions with ако take a perfective present for one event.
Level 3 - кога ќеFuture Time Clauses
A future time clause with кога needs ќе before a perfective verb.
Level 3 - нека + Present TenseLetting Someone Act
Нека is another word that allows a perfective present.
Level 3