ќе да

Presumptive Ќе Да

Level 6Sounds Like ḱe da

Ќе да + е or има = a confident guess: Ќе да е некој пријател. (It must be a friend.) · Ќе да беше полноќ. (It must have been midnight.)

How It Works

A guess, not the future. Ќе alone makes the future: Ќе биде студено. (It will be cold.) With да after it, the meaning changes to a guess about now or the past: Ќе да е студено надвор. (It must be cold outside.) Grammars call this the presumptive.

The forms.

  • ќе да + present of сум: Ќе да е некој пријател. (It must be a friend.) · Ќе да си гладен. (You must be hungry.)
  • ќе да + има: Црквата ќе да има над триста години. (The church must be over three hundred years old.)
  • ќе да + imperfect, for a guess about the past: Ќе да беше полноќ кога се вратија. (It must have been midnight when they came back.) · Ќе да имаше едно дваесет години. (He must have been about twenty.)
  • ќе да + have-perfect, for a finished action: Ќе да има заборавено. (He must have forgotten.)
Short pronouns come after both particles, right before the verb: Ќе да му е тешко. (It must be hard for him.) A negative guess puts не in front: Не ќе да е така. (That can hardly be so.)

Register. Ќе да is at home in literature, and many people also use it in relaxed speech, especially in some regions. To other speakers it can sound old-fashioned or regional. The most neutral way to guess is мора да, and softer guesses use веројатно:

  • Ќе да е некој пријател. = Мора да е некој пријател.
  • Ќе да беше полноќ. = Мора да беше полноќ.
You mainly need to recognise it when you read or listen; мора да is always a safe choice in speech. In some dialects ќе да is simply a future, but the standard language uses ќе alone for the future.

Compare ќе + имперфект: without да, ќе беше means would have been, as in Ќе беше подобро. (It would have been better.) With да, ќе да беше is a guess about what was.

Examples (6)

  1. Ќе да е некој пријател.

    It must be a friend.

    Word by Word: Will to is some friend.

  2. Ќе да беше полноќ кога се вратија.

    It must have been midnight when they came back.

    Word by Word: Will to was midnight when they returned.

    The imperfect беше moves the guess into the past.

  3. Ќе да имаше едно дваесет години.

    He must have been about twenty.

    Word by Word: Will to had about twenty years.

    Age is expressed with има, and едно before a number means about.

  4. Црквата ќе да има над триста години.

    The church must be over three hundred years old.

    Word by Word: Church-the will to has over three-hundred years.

  5. Ќе да си гладен по толкав пат.

    You must be hungry after such a long trip.

    Word by Word: Will to you-are hungry after such trip.

  6. Не ќе да е така.

    That can hardly be so.

    Word by Word: Not will to is so.

    Не comes before ќе да and turns the guess negative.

Common Mistakes

  • Putting да before ќе.

    Да ќе е некој пријател.
    Ќе да е некој пријател.

    In this guessing form, ќе always comes first and да right after it.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

ќе даLevel 6Presumptive Ќе Да

Learn This First

Presumptive ќе да follows must for guessing.

Words in This Pattern