-다면서/라면서/다며
I Heard That, They Say
-다면서/라면서 inatumika kuthibitisha kitu ulichosikia. Ni kama kusema, 'Nimesikia kwamba...' au 'Ulisema kwamba... (je, ni kweli?)'.
Jinsi unavyofanya kazi
Muundo huu unachanganya aina ya nukuu isiyo ya moja kwa moja -ㄴ/는다고 na kiambishi -(으)면서, ambacho kinamaanisha 'wakati'. Kihalisia, inamaanisha 'wakati wa kusema kwamba...'. Katika matumizi, inatumika kuleta kitu kilichosemwa au kusikika hapo awali.
Kazi kuu:
1. Kuthibitisha Taarifa:
Unaitumia kuangalia kama kitu ulichosikia ni kweli. Mara nyingi huishia na -요 kwa heshima.
mfano, 내일 시험이라면서요? (Nimesikia una mtihani kesho, je, ni kweli?)
2. Kuonyesha Mgongano:
Hii ni matumizi ya kawaida sana. Unasema kile ulichosikia mtu akisema, kisha unaonyesha kitendo au hali inayokipinga.
mfano, 다이어트한다면서 케이크는 왜 먹어요? (Ulisema uko kwenye lishe, kwa nini unakula keki?)
Kanuni za Unyambulishaji:
- Vitenzi vya Matendo (Sasa):
- Shina linaishia na vokali: + -ㄴ다면서 (mfano, 가다 → 간다면서)
- Shina linaishia na konsonanti: + -는다면서 (mfano, 먹다 → 먹는다면서) - Vivumishi/Vitenzi vya Maelezo (Sasa): Shina + -다면서
- 예쁘다 → 예쁘다면서
- 춥다 → 춥다면서 - Nomino: Nomino + -(이)라면서
- 학생 → 학생이라면서
- 의사 → 의사라면서 - Wakati Uliopita: Shina + -았다면서/었다면서
- 갔다 → 갔다면서
- 바빴다 → 바빴다면서 - Wakati Ujao: Shina + -ㄹ 거라면서
- 할 것이다 → 할 거라면서
-다며 vs. -다면서
-다며 ni ufupisho wa kawaida wa -다면서 katika Kikorea cha mazungumzo. Inahisiwa kuwa ya kawaida zaidi.
mfano, 피곤하다며 벌써 자? (Ulisema umechoka, lakini tayari umelala?)
Mifano (5)
- 한국어 공부한다면서 매일 게임만 해요?
You said you were studying Korean, but you only play games every day?
Neno kwa neno: Korean study you say while every day games only do?
Mfano huu unaonyesha mgongano kati ya kile mtu alichosema (kusoma Kikorea) na kile anachokifanya kweli (kucheza michezo).
- 어제 많이 아팠다면서요? 지금은 괜찮아요?
I heard you were very sick yesterday. Are you okay now?
Neno kwa neno: Yesterday much was sick I heard? Now are you okay?
Hapa, mzungumzaji anathibitisha taarifa aliyosikia kuhusu afya ya msikilizaji jana.
- 민준 씨가 곧 결혼한다면서요? 축하해요!
I heard that Minjun is getting married soon. Congratulations!
Neno kwa neno: Minjun soon is getting married I heard? Congratulations!
Hii inatumika kuthibitisha habari iliyosikika kuhusu mtu wa tatu.
- 이 식당이 맛집이라면서 사람이 한 명도 없네요.
They said this restaurant was famous for its food, but there's not a single person here.
Neno kwa neno: This restaurant is a tasty place they say while person one person even isn't here.
Hii inaonyesha mgongano kati ya sifa ya mgahawa (kile kilichosikika) na hali halisi ya sasa (haina watu).
- 피곤하다며 왜 아직 안 자고 있어요?
You said you were tired, so why are you still not sleeping?
Neno kwa neno: Tired you say while why still not sleeping are you?
Hii inatumia umbo fupi -다며 kuuliza kuhusu kitendo kinachopingana na hisia iliyotajwa.
Makosa ya kawaida
Kutumia unyambulishaji usio sahihi kwa vivumishi dhidi ya vitenzi.
날씨가 춥는다면서 옷을 따뜻하게 입으세요.날씨가 춥다면서 옷을 따뜻하게 입으세요.Kwa vivumishi kama 춥다 (kuwa baridi), unaambatanisha -다면서 moja kwa moja kwenye shina. Umbo la -는다면서 ni kwa ajili ya vitenzi vya matendo.
Kuchanganya na taarifa rahisi ya ukweli.
Maana tofauti(Looking out the window) 비가 온다면서.(Looking out the window) 비가 오네요.-다면서 inatumika kurejelea kitu ulichosikia. Kwa kutoa uchunguzi wa moja kwa moja, miisho mingine kama -네요 ni ya asili zaidi. Ungetumia '비가 온다면서' tu ikiwa mtu angekuwa amekuambia kuwa mvua inanyesha na unathibitisha hilo.
Jinsi inavyounganishwa
Jifunze hii kwanza
Miundo inayohusiana
- -더니Niliona, kisha
Kama -다면서, -더니 inaweza kutumika kuelezea tofauti kati ya uchunguzi wa zamani na matokeo ya sasa. Kwa mfano, '어제는 춥다더니 오늘은 덥다' (Jana niliona ilikuwa baridi, lakini leo ni moto). Tofauti kuu ni kwamba -더니 inategemea uchunguzi wa moja kwa moja wa mzungumzaji, wakati -다면서 inategemea kitu kilichosikika.
Kiwango 4 - -잖아Unajua, ... sivyo?
Miundo yote miwili huleta taarifa ambayo msikilizaji anatarajiwa kuijua. Hata hivyo, -잖아 inatumika kwa ukweli ambao ni dhahiri au uliokwishashirikiwa kati ya mzungumzaji na msikilizaji ('Unaona? Nilikwambia!'). -다면서 ni mahususi kwa taarifa ambayo mzungumzaji amesikia kutoka kwa msikilizaji au mtu wa tatu na sasa anaiibua.
Kiwango 3 - -ㄴ/는데Maelezo ya nyuma, lakini
Mwisho wa -ㄴ/는데 mara nyingi hutumika kutoa taarifa ya usuli kabla ya taarifa ya kupinga, sawa na jinsi -다면서 inavyoweza kutumika. Kwa mfano, '바쁜데 왜 전화했어요?' (Uko na shughuli nyingi, lakini kwa nini ulipiga simu?). Tofauti ni kwamba -다면서 inabainisha kuwa taarifa ya usuli ('uko na shughuli nyingi') ni kitu ambacho mzungumzaji alimsikia mtu akisema.
Kiwango 3