-고 나면
After doing, once
-고 나면 is used to express that once an action is completed, a particular situation, state, or another action naturally follows. It translates to 'after doing...' or 'once you do...'.
Hvernig það virkar
-고 나면 is used to connect two clauses where the second clause is a result or a state that naturally occurs after the action in the first clause is fully completed. It often carries a conditional or hypothetical nuance, similar to 'if/when you finish doing X, then Y happens'.
Key Nuances:
- Completion is Key: It stresses that the first action must be finished for the second part to happen.
- Natural Consequence: The second clause is often an expected or logical outcome. For example, 'After you exercise, you feel refreshed.'
- General Truths & Advice: It's frequently used to state general truths or give advice based on a cause-and-effect relationship.
Comparison with similar patterns:
- -고 나서: This simply indicates a sequence of events ('do A, and then do B'). It's used for specific, one-time actions.
e.g., 어제 숙제를 하고 나서 잤어요. (Yesterday, after doing my homework, I slept.) - -고 나면: This implies a general or recurring consequence. It would be unnatural to use it for a specific past event like the one above.
e.g., 숙제를 다 하고 나면 기분이 좋아요. (Once you finish your homework, you feel good.) - -고 나니까: This is used when the speaker makes a personal discovery or realizes something new after completing an action.
e.g., 약을 먹고 나니까 머리가 안 아파요. (After taking the medicine, I realized my head doesn't hurt anymore.)
The verb before -고 나면 is always in its stem form, without any tense markers. The overall tense of the sentence is determined by the final verb.
Dæmi (4)
- 이 일을 끝내고 나면 마음이 편해질 거예요.
Once I finish this work, I'll feel relieved.
Orð fyrir orð: This work finish and then mind will become comfortable.
This shows an expected future state (feeling relieved) that will occur after the completion of an action (finishing work).
- 비가 그치고 나면 하늘이 맑아질 거예요.
After the rain stops, the sky will become clear.
Orð fyrir orð: Rain stops and then sky will become clear.
This describes a natural and predictable consequence. The clearing of the sky follows the stopping of the rain.
- 대학교를 졸업하고 나면 뭘 할 거예요?
What are you going to do after you graduate from university?
Orð fyrir orð: University graduate and then what will you do?
Here, -고 나면 is used to ask about future plans that are contingent on the completion of a major life event (graduation).
- 혼자 살고 나면 가족의 소중함을 알게 돼요.
Once you live alone, you come to realize the importance of family.
Orð fyrir orð: Alone live and then family's importance come to know.
This example expresses a general truth or a common realization that happens as a result of the experience of living alone.
Algeng mistök
Using -고 나면 for a simple sequence of past events.
어제 영화를 보고 나면 집에 갔어요.어제 영화를 보고 나서 집에 갔어요.-고 나면 implies a general consequence or future outcome, not a specific, one-time sequence of actions in the past. For simple sequences, -고 나서 or -ㄴ 다음에/후에 is more appropriate.
Adding past tense to the verb before -고 나면.
숙제를 다 했고 나면 놀러 갈 거예요.숙제를 다 하고 나면 놀러 갈 거예요.The verb attached to -고 나면 must be in its dictionary stem form. The tense of the entire sentence is indicated by the final verb (갈 거예요).
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- -고 나서After Doing, And Then
Both mean 'after doing'. However, -고 나서 is used for a simple temporal sequence of actions, while -고 나면 focuses on the state or natural consequence that results from the completion of the first action.
Stig 3 - -고 나니까
Both relate to what happens after an action. -고 나니까 emphasizes a new discovery or realization the speaker had after doing something. -고 나면 describes a more general, predictable, or future consequence.
Stig 3 - -ㄴ 다음에/후에
-ㄴ 다음에/후에 is a more general way to say 'after doing'. It is very similar to -고 나서 and focuses on simple sequence. -고 나면 carries a stronger nuance that the first action's completion is a condition for the second.
Stig 3