Case Endings After a Possessive
Possessive first, then case, joined directly: uy + -i + -ga → uyiga (to his house), uy + -im + -da → uyimda (in my house).
How It Works
A noun with a possessive ending can still take any case ending. The possessive always comes first.
1. Every person works the same way
- uyimga — to my house (uy + -im + -ga)
- uyingda — in your house, familiar (uy + -ing + -da)
- uyidan — from his or her house (uy + -i + -dan)
- uyimizni — our house, as object (uy + -imiz + -ni)
- uyingizga — to your house, polite (uy + -ingiz + -ga)
2. No extra n after -(s)i
The third-person -(s)i takes case endings like any other word: uyiga, uyida, uyini, uyidan, uyining; onasiga (to her mother), maktabida (at his school). If you know Turkish, drop the habit of evine, evinde. A form such as uyinda is also correct but appears mainly in literary writing; everyday Uzbek uses uyida.
3. Compare the pronoun u
The pronoun u (he, she, it) is different: it adds n before -ga, -da and -dan: unga, unda, undan. So unga means to him, but uyiga means to his house. See the extra n in unga and bunga.
4. -ga after a possessive
No possessive ending ends in k or q, so after one the dative is always -ga: yuragimga (to my heart), qishlogʻimizga (to our village). The k → g and q → gʻ change there comes from the possessive: see K and Q soften before vowels.
5. With the plural
A plural comes before both: uy + -lar + -imiz + -ga → uylarimizga (to our houses). See the order of endings.
Examples (6)
- Anvar uyiga ketdi.
Anvar went home.
Word by Word: Anvar house-his-to went.
uy + -i + -ga → uyiga, with no n before -ga.
- Kitobimni koʻrdingizmi?
Did you see my book?
Word by Word: Book-my-the saw-you-?
kitob + -im + -ni. The object ending follows the possessive.
- Onamga telefon qildim.
I called my mother.
Word by Word: Mother-my-to phone did-I.
ona + -m + -ga. Telefon qilmoq takes the person with -ga.
- Doʻstim uyida yoʻq.
My friend isn't at home.
Word by Word: Friend-my house-his-at not.
uy + -i + -da → uyida.
- Ismingizni yozing.
Please write your name.
Word by Word: Name-your-the write.
ism + -ingiz + -ni → ismingizni.
- Men akamning uyidan keldim.
I came from my older brother's house.
Word by Word: I brother-my's house-his-from came-I.
uy + -i + -dan → uyidan.
Common Mistakes
Putting the case ending before the possessive.
Men uygam ketdim.Men uyimga ketdim.The possessive always comes first and the case ending last: uy + -im + -ga → uyimga.
Leaving out the possessive when you mean my mother (intended: I called my mother).
Onaga telefon qildim.Onamga telefon qildim.Onaga only means to a mother. To say to my mother, put -m before -ga: onamga.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Builds on His, Her or Its: -(s)i, In, At or On: -da and K and Q Soften Before Vowels.
- -(s)iHis, Her or Its: -(s)i
The third-person possessive that takes case endings with no extra n.
Level 1 - -da (oʻrin-payt kelishigi)In, At or on: -da
Case endings such as -da follow a possessive ending directly: uyida.
Level 1 - k > g, q > gʻK and Q Soften Before Vowels
The possessive can change a final k or q before the case ending is added: yuragimga.
Level 1
Related Patterns
- -(i)mMy: -(i)m
One of the possessive endings that case endings follow: uyimga, uyimda.
Level 1 - unga / bunga / shungaThe Extra N in Unga and Bunga
Only the pronouns u, bu, shu and oʻsha add n, before endings such as -ga, -da and -dan.
Level 2 - The Order of Endings
The full order: plural, then possessive, then case.
Level 2 - -ga/-ka/-qaTo or Toward: -ga
After a possessive the dative is always -ga, never -ka or -qa.
Level 1
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.
Words in This Pattern
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