سے + Causative Verb

Naming the Person Asked to Act

Level 4

Read the roles before choosing the agreement.

How It Works

A recipient or affected person may instead be marked with کو. With a verb such as پلوانا, the person giving the drink and the person receiving it have different roles.

The سے phrase does not become the main subject just because it names the actual performer. The main verb still follows the causative sentence’s ordinary case and agreement rules.

For pronouns, use forms such as مجھ سے, ہم سے and اس سے. The same postposition has other meanings elsewhere, so the causative verb is part of what identifies its role.

Examples (4)

  1. میں نے بلال سے خط لکھوایا۔

    I had Bilal write the letter.

    The ne-marked arranger, se-marked writer and unmarked letter have separate roles.

  2. مریم نے بچوں سے کمرہ صاف کروایا۔

    Maryam had the children clean the room.

    بچوں is plural oblique before سے.

  3. ہم نے مریم سے فہرست بنوائی۔

    We had Maryam make the list.

    Feminine فہرست selects بنوائی.

  4. میں نے بلال سے بچے کو پانی پلوایا۔

    I had Bilal give the child water to drink.

    بلال سے names the giver; بچے کو names the child receiving the water.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

سے + Causative VerbLevel 4Naming the Person Asked to Act

Learn This First

Recognize a causative chain involving another actor. Interpret the participant introduced with سے.

Words in This Pattern

سے