کے باوجود
Despite a Fact or Circumstance
Obstacle + کے باوجود → an unexpected result.
How It Works
کے باوجود connects a noun phrase to a contrasting result. The phrase may name weather, difficulty, an effort, or another relevant circumstance.
The کے belongs to this compound postposition. It does not become کی simply because the preceding noun is feminine. A verb used before it normally takes the oblique infinitive form ending in -نے.
Use a full clause construction such as اس کے باوجود کہ when the obstacle needs its own finite verb. The short postposition pattern works with a noun-like phrase.
Examples (4)
- بارش کے باوجود بازار کھلا ہے۔
Despite the rain, the market is open.
The market remains open under conditions that might have closed it.
- مشکل کے باوجود مریم نے ہمت نہیں ہاری۔
Despite the difficulty, Maryam did not lose heart.
کے stays unchanged after feminine مشکل.
- دیر ہونے کے باوجود ہم نے کام مکمل کر لیا۔
Despite it being late, we finished the work.
ہونے is the oblique infinitive before the postposition.
- بہت محنت کرنے کے باوجود نتیجہ اچھا نہیں آیا۔
Despite all the hard work, the result was not good.
The effort makes the negative outcome unexpected.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Understand the meaning of concession. Recognize the linking کے in a noun-based concession.
Related Patterns
Words in This Pattern
Practice کے باوجود in Bubblegum
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