як зазначає + Nominative
Journalistic Attribution with Як Зазначає
The phrase як зазначає (as [source] notes) is a formal parenthetical construction used in journalism and academic writing to attribute information to a specific authority or source.
How It Works
In formal Ukrainian, particularly in news media and official reports, як зазначає serves as a standard way to introduce a source's perspective.
Key features include:
- Case Agreement: The source (the person or entity) is the subject and must be in the nominative case.
- Verb Agreement: The verb зазначає is 3rd person singular. If the source is plural, use зазначають. Other formal synonyms like повідомляє (reports), стверджує (claims), or наголошує (emphasizes) follow the exact same pattern.
- Passive Variant: You will frequently see the reflexive form як зазначається (as is noted). In this case, there is no nominative subject; instead, the location of the information is usually given in the locative case (e.g., як зазначається у статті).
- Mobility: This parenthetical clause is mobile. While often starting a sentence, it can be placed in the middle (set off by commas) or at the very end to provide attribution.
- Register: This is strictly formal. In casual speech, Ukrainians prefer що-clauses like він каже, що... (he says that...).
Examples (5)
- Як зазначає видання, новий закон набуде чинності завтра.
As the publication notes, the new law will take effect tomorrow.
Word by Word: As notes publication, new law will-take effect tomorrow.
Here, 'видання' (publication) is in the nominative case and acts as the source of the information.
- Як зазначають експерти, ціни на житло будуть зростати.
As experts note, housing prices will increase.
Word by Word: As note experts, prices on housing will grow.
Since 'експерти' is plural, the verb changes to the plural form 'зазначають'.
- Реформи, як зазначає міністр, триватимуть до кінця року.
The reforms, as the minister notes, will continue until the end of the year.
Word by Word: Reforms, as notes minister, will-continue until end of-year.
This example shows the mobility of the clause, placed here in the middle of the sentence.
- Як зазначається у звіті, результати були несподіваними.
As is noted in the report, the results were unexpected.
Word by Word: As is-noted in report, results were unexpected.
This uses the passive variant 'зазначається' with a prepositional phrase 'у звіті' instead of a nominative subject.
- Ситуація залишається стабільною, як повідомляє прес-служба.
The situation remains stable, as the press service reports.
Word by Word: Situation remains stable, as reports press-service.
The reporting clause is placed at the end of the sentence, and uses the synonym 'повідомляє' (reports).
Common Mistakes
Using the genitive case for the source.
Як зазначає експерта, ситуація стабільна.Як зазначає експерт, ситуація стабільна.Learners often confuse this with the pattern 'за словами,' which does require the genitive. With 'як зазначає,' the source must be nominative.
Forgetting the comma after the attribution phrase.
Як зазначає газета ціни впали.Як зазначає газета, ціни впали.In Ukrainian, parenthetical reporting frames must be separated from the main clause by a comma.
How It Connects
Learn This First
To use this journalistic attribution frame, learners need to be comfortable with third-person singular verb conjugations (specifically for the verb 'зазначати') and understand that the source of the statement remains in the nominative case. Familiarity with how conjunctions like 'як' introduce subordinate clauses is also essential.
Related Patterns
- за словами + GenitiveЗа Словами as Source Marker
A common alternative for attribution that uses the genitive case instead of the nominative.
Level 5 - Nominative Subject
The case required for the source in the 'як зазначає' construction.
Level 2 - що (з'ясувальне)Content Clauses with Що
Used for indirect speech (e.g., 'He says that...'), which is the less formal alternative to this pattern.
Level 3 - в/у та з/із/зі (милозвучність)Euphonic Alternation of В/У and З/ІЗ/ЗІ
Governs the choice of prepositions that often follow the source in these formal sentences.
Level 6 - мовляв (евіденційне)Reportive Мовляв
Another way to mark reported speech, though 'мовляв' often implies distance or skepticism unlike the authoritative 'зазначає'.
Level 6 - -ся/-сьAttached Reflexive Suffix
Used to form the passive variant 'як зазначається' (as is noted).
Level 2
Words in This Pattern
Practice як зазначає + Nominative in Bubblegum
Poppy, your AI tutor, writes Ukrainian lessons at your level. Tap any grammar point in a lesson to see its full explanation.
