ประมาณ
About
Use ประมาณ (bprà-maan) before a number and classifier to indicate an estimate. It is the standard, neutral way to say 'about' or 'roughly' in Thai.
How It Works
ประมาณ gives a rough estimate of an amount or describes something roughly, as in ประมาณนี้, ‘roughly like this’.
1. Standard Placement
The most common way to use it is directly before the number:
- ประมาณ + [Number] + [Classifier]
- Example: ประมาณห้าคน (About five people)
2. The Formal 'Hedge' (โดยประมาณ)
In more formal or precise contexts, you can place โดยประมาณ (doi bprà-maan) after the classifier phrase to act as a trailing qualifier.
- [Number] + [Classifier] + โดยประมาณ
- Example: สิบกิโลเมตรโดยประมาณ (Ten kilometers, approximately)
3. Non-Numerical Usage (ประมาณนี้ / ประมาณนั้น)
In daily speech, it is frequently used with นี้ or นั้น to mean "roughly like this" or "about like that." This is used when you are describing a style, size, or situation without using specific numbers.
4. Verbal and Conjunction Usage
It can function as a verb meaning 'to estimate' (e.g., ประมาณราคา - to estimate the price). You may also hear ประมาณว่า used as a conjunction meaning "it's like..." or "along the lines of..." when paraphrasing someone.
5. Synonyms
In casual speech, you might hear ราวๆ (raao-raao) used similarly to ประมาณ, or the word กะ (gà) which specifically means to estimate or guess a value.
Examples (5)
- เขาอยู่ที่นี่มาประมาณห้าปีแล้ว
He has lived here for about five years already.
Word by Word: He stay at here come about five year already
Here, 'ประมาณ' is placed before the number 'ห้า' (five) to show the duration is an estimate.
- ราคาประมาณสองพันบาท
The price is approximately two thousand baht.
Word by Word: Price about two thousand Baht
A common use in commerce to give a rough price estimate.
- มีคนมางานประมาณห้าสิบคน
About fifty people came to the event.
Word by Word: have | people | come | event | about | fifty | people
Used with the classifier 'คน' to estimate a crowd size.
- รอประมาณสิบนาทีนะ
Wait for about ten minutes, okay?
Word by Word: Wait about ten minute [softener]
Used with time units to give a rough waiting time.
- อยากได้สีประมาณนี้ครับ
I want a color about like this.
Word by Word: Want get color about this
Demonstrates the non-numerical usage where 'ประมาณ' is paired with 'นี้' to mean 'roughly like this'.
Common Mistakes
Putting ประมาณ between a number and its counting word.
สิบประมาณคนประมาณสิบคนFor this estimate, keep the number and its counting word together: ประมาณสิบคน means ‘about ten people’. สิบประมาณคน breaks up that group. A separate phrase, โดยประมาณ, can follow an amount.
Saying Someone Is Almost, But Not Quite, Two Metres Tall.
เขาสูงประมาณสองเมตรเขาสูงเกือบสองเมตรเขาสูงประมาณสองเมตร is a valid estimate for someone who is 198 cm tall. If you specifically want to say that he is almost, but not quite, two metres tall, use เกือบ. The card shows a mismatch with that intended meaning, not a grammatical error in ประมาณ.
How It Connects
Learn This First
To use ประมาณ (about/approximately), you first need to be comfortable with Thai numerals and the basic word order for counting objects using classifiers, as this pattern typically precedes a number in a quantity phrase.
Related Patterns
- เกือบAlmost
Means 'almost' or 'nearly'; used when the amount is just below the target, whereas 'ประมาณ' can be slightly above or below.
Level 3 - สักUses of สัก
A more casual, conversational way to say 'about' or 'just about', often used when making suggestions or requests.
Level 3 - อาจจะPossibility with อาจจะ
Means 'maybe' or 'might'. Learners sometimes confuse 'about' (quantity) with 'maybe' (probability).
Level 1 - เท่าไหร่How Much
The question word for 'how much', which often elicits an answer starting with 'ประมาณ'.
Level 1 - เหมือนSame as
Similar to 'ประมาณนี้' (about like this), 'เหมือน' is used to compare similarity, though 'ประมาณ' focuses more on the rough approximation of a quality or quantity.
Level 2