ซึ่ง (นำกรรม)

A Formal Object Marker

Level 6

In the formal examples shown here, ซึ่ง introduces the noun phrase acted on by a verb. Read the whole phrase to distinguish this use from a relative clause.

How It Works

1. Find The Action And Object
In รักษาไว้ซึ่งความยุติธรรม, ซึ่ง introduces ความยุติธรรม, the justice being maintained. This is the object-marking use given in the Royal Society dictionary. In the rights example, สิทธิของบุคคลอื่น names the rights being violated.

2. Read The Fragments As Fragments
The property example adapts part of Penal Code section 358, which contains ซึ่งทรัพย์ของผู้อื่น after damaging actions. It omits parts of the section and supplies no account of its full legal requirements. The assets and rights phrases are illustrative language, not quotations from an identified law.

3. Compare The Other Use Of ซึ่ง
The dictionary also gives ซึ่ง referring back to a noun or preceding statement, as in a relative clause. Read the whole structure to decide which use is present. In this entry’s justice phrase, what follows is the object of the action; the linked relative-clause entry supplies a different construction.

4. Practise The Requested Phrases
The conversational card requests ผมกินข้าว. The other card requests ทำลายซึ่งทรัพย์สิน, with ทำลาย before the object phrase. Learn those complete targets without extending the comparisons into universal word-order or omission tests.

Examples (4)

  1. รักษาไว้ซึ่งความยุติธรรม

    To maintain justice.

    Word by Word: maintain keep [marker] justice

    In this formal phrase, ความยุติธรรม (justice) is the object of รักษาไว้ (maintain or preserve).

  2. ผู้ใดทำให้เสียหาย ทำลาย ซึ่งทรัพย์ของผู้อื่น

    Whoever causes damage to or destroys the property of another.

    Word by Word: whoever cause damage destroy [marker] property of other

    This is an adapted fragment resembling the wording of Penal Code section 358. ซึ่ง introduces ทรัพย์ของผู้อื่น, the property of another. The fragment omits parts of the section.

  3. ให้ยื่นซึ่งทรัพย์สินต่อเจ้าพนักงาน

    Have the assets submitted to the official.

    Word by Word: give hand-over [marker] assets toward official

    The phrase begins with ให้, directing that the assets be submitted. ซึ่ง introduces ทรัพย์สิน, the assets being submitted; no subject is written in this fragment.

  4. ละเมิดซึ่งสิทธิของบุคคลอื่น

    To violate the rights of another person.

    Word by Word: violate [marker] rights of person other

    ซึ่ง introduces สิทธิของบุคคลอื่น, the rights of another person, after ละเมิด (violate). Read this as a formal example, without treating it as a quotation from a named law.

Common Mistakes

  • For plain conversational “I eat rice,” placing ซึ่ง between กิน and ข้าว.

    ผมกินซึ่งข้าว
    ผมกินข้าว

    This task asks for the plain conversational sentence ผมกินข้าว. ผมกินซึ่งข้าว inserts the formal object marker into that requested sentence. The task does not ban object-marking ซึ่ง from every context.

  • For “destroy the property,” failing to put ซึ่ง before the object of ทำลาย in the requested formal phrase.

    ทรัพย์สินซึ่งทำลาย
    ทำลายซึ่งทรัพย์สิน

    The requested formal phrase is ทำลายซึ่งทรัพย์สิน: ทำลาย precedes ซึ่ง and its object ทรัพย์สิน. ทรัพย์สินซึ่งทำลาย begins with the noun and a following clause instead; as a fragment it does not express the same requested verb-object phrase. Its possible reading needs a complete context.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

ซึ่ง (นำกรรม)Level 6A Formal Object Marker

Learn This First

The use of 'ซึ่ง' as an object marker is a highly formal feature of legal Thai. To understand it, you must first be comfortable with standard Subject-Verb-Object word order (where objects usually have no marker) and the common use of 'ซึ่ง' as a relative pronoun ('which').

Words in This Pattern

ซึ่ง