خسته شدن / خسته کردن

Becoming and Making

Level 3

من خسته شدم → I changed state. سفر مرا خسته کرد → the trip caused my change.

How It Works

The changing participant. In هوا سرد شد, هوا is what became cold. No direct object is needed. This is a change-of-state construction, not automatically a passive with an unnamed actor.

The cause. In این خبر سارا را خوشحال کرد, the news caused Sara to become happy. سارا را marks the affected direct object.

Time and negation. Conjugate the verbal member: خسته می‌شوم, خسته نشدم, and خسته نکرد. The adjective stays with it as part of the compound meaning.

Keep lexical limits. Some pairs work neatly; others have different established verbs or meanings. Recognizing کردن and شدن is a clue to roles, not permission to invent a counterpart for every compound. Genuine participle-plus-شدن passives are a separate topic.

Examples (4)

  1. بعد از پیاده‌روی خسته شدم.

    I became tired after the walk.

  2. این سفر مرا خسته کرد.

    This trip made me tired.

    The trip is the cause; مرا is the affected object.

  3. هوا ناگهان سرد شد.

    The weather suddenly became cold.

  4. این خبر سارا را خوشحال کرد.

    This news made Sara happy.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

خسته شدن / خسته کردنLevel 3Becoming and Making

Learn This First

Read the adjective and light verb together as one construction. Conjugate the verbal member while preserving participant roles. Recognize the affected object in the corresponding causative construction.

Learn Next

Patterns that build on this one.