Verb Person Endings

Level 2

رفتم is I went, رفتیم is we went, and رفت has a third-singular subject. Present third-singular verbs instead have an -ad ending.

How It Works

PersonSimple pastOrdinary present
منرفتممی‌روم
تورفتیمی‌روی
اورفتمی‌رود
مارفتیممی‌رویم
شمارفتیدمی‌روید
آن‌هارفتندمی‌روند

The chart uses the actual forms of رفتن. An ending’s written shape and its spoken vowel are not always one letter: short /a/ is usually unwritten in ـم، ـد، ـند.

With شما, use the plural-shaped verb form even for respectful address to one person. A clear subject pronoun may be omitted because the ending and context supply its referent.

Everyday Iranian has common reductions, such as second-plural -in and third-singular -e. Those are register-specific forms, not changes to the written-standard chart.

Do not interpret every word ending in م as a first-person verb. کتابم marks an owner, and خوبم uses a copula. First identify the construction carrying the ending.

Examples (4)

  1. رفتم.

    I went.

    ـم marks first-person singular.

  2. رفت.

    That person went.

    Third-person singular simple past has no added person ending.

  3. می‌رود.

    That person goes.

    Written-standard third-person present has -ad.

  4. شما رفتید؟

    Did you go?

    ـید fits a group or respectful address to one person.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

Verb Person EndingsLevel 2

Learn This First

Read person endings with the correct tense and stem, especially zero past versus -ad present in third singular.

Learn Next

Patterns that build on this one.

And 5 more in the full list.