Who Performs a Needed Action

Level 4

Kayatko ti agluto shares the speaker as actor; Kayatko nga aglutoka names the addressee as cook.

How It Works

With kayat, the person wanting can be the intended performer of the action. In this shared-actor frame, ti introduces the action without repeating its actor: Kayatko ti agluto, “I want to cook.” Compare Kayatko nga aglutoka, “I want you to cook,” where the complement expresses another actor.

Voice determines pronoun roles. Goal-focus kayat takes actor -ko; actor-focus agluto takes subject -ka. These mark participants rather than adjective agreement. Modern ordinary spelling attaches both to their hosts.

Possibility and necessity have their own supported frames: Mabalin nga agawidkami, “It is possible for us to go home,” and Masapul nga agadalka, “You need to study.” Their actors are identified inside the following clauses; neither opening predicate names a separate wanter. These constructions do not establish a shared-actor ti rule for every modal. Wanting or requiring an action does not assert its completion.

Examples (4)

  1. Kayatko ti agluto.

    I want to cook.

    The speaker is the intended cook; wanting does not assert that cooking occurs.

  2. Kayatko nga aglutoka.

    I want you to cook.

    The complement's attached -ka identifies the addressee as cook.

  3. Mabalin nga agawidkami.

    It is possible for us to go home.

    Kami marks the embedded actor and excludes the addressee.

  4. Masapul nga agadalka.

    You need to study.

    The embedded -ka identifies whose study is necessary.

How It Connects

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Who Performs a Needed ActionLevel 4

Learn This First

Identify who wants and who performs the wanted or needed action.

Words in This Pattern

kayat