Following the Person Caused to Act
A causee performs or undergoes the underlying action and can be selected or oblique.
How It Works
The causee is the participant caused or allowed to undergo or perform the underlying action. With agpaturog, the causer is selected and the child put to sleep appears in an oblique phrase. With paturogen, that child is selected instead. The causer and causee remain distinct even when English uses the same wording for both frames.
A transitive causative adds an affected object to this comparison. In Ipalutomi ti pinakbet ken Elena, the food is selected, mi identifies the causers, and Elena is the cook. A personal ken phrase therefore need not be a recipient. Read its role with the verb. The underlying performer can remain unexpressed, especially in transitive causatives. There is no single causee marker independent of voice, participant selection and the underlying verb's complement pattern. Gender agreement does not distinguish the participants.
Examples (3)
- Agpaturog ni Rosa iti ubing.
Rosa will put a child to sleep.
The causer is selected and the causee is oblique.
- Paturogen ni Leo ti ubing.
Leo will put the child to sleep.
The child is the selected causee.
- Ipalutomi ti pinakbet ken Elena.
We will have Elena cook the pinakbet.
The food is selected; mi excludes the addressee and Elena is the cook.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Separate the causer, causee and affected object.
Related Patterns
Practice Following the Person Caused to Act in Bubblegum
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