ag-

Actor-Focus Actions with Ag-

Level 1

luto → agluto, “cook”; aramid → agaramid, “make or do.” Basic forms can report contemplated actions or give instructions.

How It Works

Add ag- to a suitable base: agluto means “cook,” and agaramid means “make or do.” Write these ordinary derived forms together. The affix label's hyphen marks its attachment boundary; it is not inserted into every derived word.

A personal action identifies its actor with a marked noun phrase or a subject-series pronoun. Ni Nena names the cook, -ak identifies the speaker, and -ka identifies one addressee. These changes leave the basic prefix unchanged. Cooking can name an affected item, while going home need not take an object.

Compare agaramid, contemplated making, nagaramid, completed making, and agar-aramid, ongoing making. Basic ag- does not by itself mark an ongoing action; it also serves instructions. Verb choice remains lexical. Impersonal weather verbs such as agtudo do not require a personal actor. Separate CV pluralizing morphology differs from ongoing CVC or vowel-initial VC copying.

Examples (3)

  1. Agluto ni Nena ti lumpia inton bigat.

    Nena will cook lumpia tomorrow.

    The contemplated verb names the actor and affected food; ti can introduce the unfocused item.

  2. Agawidak inton Enero.

    I will go home in January.

    Ak identifies the actor, and the time phrase places the contemplated event.

  3. Agaramidka ti bibingka.

    Make some bibingka.

    In an instruction context, the basic form addresses one person.

How It Connects

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ag-Level 1Actor-Focus Actions with Ag-

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