agpa- / nagpa-

Having an Action Done

Level 3

Ag- supplies actor voice and pa- supplies causative meaning. Nagpa- is the completed counterpart.

How It Works

Agpa- combines actor-oriented ag- with causative pa-. With an attested base such as luto, it expresses arranging, requesting or causing cooking. Nagpa- reports completed causation. Subject pronouns identify the causer rather than the person performing the underlying action.

An affected item can follow iti; a named performer can follow ken ni. In an intransitive causative, the participant made to act can also be an oblique phrase. Context establishes whether the causation involves permission, a request or stronger direction; the prefix does not specify coercion. Contrast agluto ‘cook’ with agpaluto ‘have someone cook’.

Other causative voices select different participants and require their own forms. The guide attests agpalpaluto for ongoing or habitual arranging; that witness does not establish every root’s paradigm. Participant marking supplies person and number, without gender agreement.

Examples (3)

  1. Agpaluto ni Teresa iti pinakbet ken ni Andres.

    Teresa will have Andres cook pinakbet.

    Teresa is the central causer; Andres performs the cooking.

  2. Nagpataray ti maestro iti ubing idi kalman.

    The teacher made a child run yesterday.

    Nagpa- reports completed causation of an intransitive action.

  3. Agpaturogak iti ubing inton rabii.

    I will put a child to sleep tonight.

    The attached speaker pronoun marks the causer; the child is brought into sleep.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

agpa- / nagpa-Level 3Having an Action Done

Learn This First

Agpa- makes the causer central; nagpa- reports completed causing or arranging.