जिस ... उस
Relative Words Before Postpositions
Before a postposition, जो becomes जिस (one) or जिन (more than one), just as वह becomes उस and उन.
How It Works
जो (who, which) changes before a postposition in the same way वह does.
| Plain | Before a postposition | |
|---|---|---|
| One | जो | जिस (जिस घर में, जिससे) |
| More than one | जो | जिन (जिन लोगों को, जिनसे) |
The sentence has two halves. The जो half describes; the main half picks up the same person or thing again with वह, उस, वे or उन. Each half follows its own grammar:
- जिस होटल में हम रुके थे, वह बहुत अच्छा था. The hotel we stayed at was very nice.
- जिस होटल में हम रुके थे, उसका नाम मुझे याद नहीं. I don't remember the name of the hotel we stayed at.
In the first sentence the hotel is the subject of the main half, so it is plain वह. In the second it is followed by का, so it becomes उस.
Time phrases also use जिस and उस, even with no postposition: जिस दिन ..., उस दिन ... (on the day ..., on that day).
Examples (5)
- जिस लड़की से तुम मिले थे, उसे मैं जानती हूँ।
I know the girl you met.
जिस ... से belongs to meeting; उसे belongs to knowing.
- जिन बच्चों को तुम पढ़ाते हो, उनसे मैं कल मिलूँगा।
Tomorrow I'll meet the children you teach.
Plural: जिन in one half, उन in the other.
- जिस घर में वह रहती है, उस घर के पास एक स्कूल है।
There's a school near the house she lives in.
में belongs to living, के पास to where the school is.
- जिस दिन तुम आओगे, उस दिन हम पार्टी करेंगे।
We'll have a party the day you come.
Time phrases use जिस and उस with no postposition.
- मैं जिस होटल में रुका था, वह बहुत साफ़ था।
The hotel I stayed at was very clean.
In the main half the hotel is the subject, so it is plain वह.
Common Mistakes
Using plain जो before a postposition.
जो घर में मैं रहता हूँ, वह पुराना है।जिस घर में मैं रहता हूँ, वह पुराना है।Before में, जो becomes जिस.
How It Connects
Learn This First
The relative form before a postposition follows relative clauses and the postposition forms of pronouns.
Related Patterns
Words in This Pattern
Practice जिस ... उस in Bubblegum
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