बिना ... -ए

Without Doing Something

Level 4Sounds Like binā ... -ē

बिना with the -ए form of a verb means without doing something.

How It Works

To say something happened without another action, put the missing action after बिना in its -ए form. This is the past form of the verb with the -ए ending.

VerbWithout ...Meaning
पूछनाबिना पूछेwithout asking
सोचनाबिना सोचेwithout thinking
करनाबिना किएwithout doing
लेनाबिना लिएwithout taking

The -ए never changes. A woman also says मैं बिना खाए सो गई. The main verb carries the tense and agreement.

Two word orders are common: बिना बताए and बताए बिना. An object comes right before the verb form: बिना कुछ कहे, किसी को बताए बिना.

Compare the noun pattern. With a noun, add के: बिना चीनी के (without sugar). With a verb, use the -ए form and no के: बिना पूछे.

In requests the main verb is often negative: बिना पढ़े साइन मत करना (Don't sign without reading it).

Examples (5)

  1. रीना किसी को बताए बिना चली गई।

    Reena left without telling anyone.

    बताए stays the same even though Reena is a woman.

  2. बिना सोचे जवाब मत दो।

    Don't answer without thinking.

    बिना सोचे names the missing action; मत makes the request negative.

  3. मैंने पत्र पढ़े बिना भेज दिया।

    I sent the letter without reading it.

    बिना can come after the -ए form.

  4. बच्चे आज बिना कुछ खाए स्कूल चले गए।

    The children went to school today without eating anything.

    The object कुछ goes between बिना and खाए.

  5. वह बिना टिकट लिए बस में चढ़ गया।

    He got on the bus without buying a ticket.

    लेना gives the -ए form लिए.

Common Mistakes

  • Using the -ना form after बिना.

    बिना पूछना अंदर मत आओ।
    बिना पूछे अंदर मत आओ।

    After बिना, the verb takes the -ए form.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

बिना ... -एLevel 4Without Doing Something

Learn This First

Without doing pairs बिना with the -ए form of the past.

Words in This Pattern

बिना