गया / किया / लिया / दिया
Common Irregular Past Forms
जाना → गया, करना → किया, लेना → लिया, देना → दिया. Each has feminine and plural forms too.
How It Works
| Verb | Masc. sg. | Fem. sg. | Masc. pl. | Fem. pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| जाना (go) | गया | गई | गए | गईं |
| करना (do) | किया | की | किए | कीं |
| लेना (take) | लिया | ली | लिए | लीं |
| देना (give) | दिया | दी | दिए | दीं |
| होना (be, happen) | हुआ | हुई | हुए | हुईं |
गया agrees with the person who went: मीरा गई, हम गए. It never takes ने.
किया, लिया, दिया take ने, and the verb agrees with the object: मैंने काम किया (काम is masculine), उसने मुझे चाय दी (चाय is feminine). The doer's gender does not matter.
You will see these forms everywhere, because करना builds many verbs: बात की, मदद की, फ़ोन किया. They also appear in compound verbs you will meet later, such as खा लिया and बता दिया.
Examples (5)
- मीरा घर गई।
Meera went home.
गई agrees with Meera; जाना takes no ने.
- हम कल दिल्ली गए।
We went to Delhi yesterday.
गए is the plural form.
- मैंने काम किया।
I did the work.
किया agrees with masculine काम.
- आपने पैसे लिए।
You took the money.
लिए agrees with masculine plural पैसे.
- उसने मुझे चाय दी।
She gave me tea.
दी agrees with feminine चाय, whoever gave it.
Common Mistakes
Using ने with गया.
मैंने बाज़ार गया।मैं बाज़ार गया।जाना takes no object, so it never takes ने.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Irregular past forms are exceptions to the regular past.
Related Patterns
- नेMarking the Doer with ने
किया, लिया and दिया need ने on the doer.
Level 2 - Past Verbs Agree With the Object
After ने, the verb agrees with the object.
Level 2 - मैंने / उसने / उन्होंनेPronouns with ने
Pronouns join ने in fixed forms.
Level 2 - लेना as a Helper VerbCompound Verbs with लेना
लिया also appears in compound verbs like खा लिया.
Level 3