آدم

Speaking in General with آدم

Level 5

An ending that refers back to آدم is the third person: دلش, خودش.

How It Works

When you speak about everyone, Dari uses آدم, a person. The verb is singular, and an ending that refers back to آدم is third person.

English	Dari
One must be patient.	آدم باید صبر داشته باشد.
Tea cheers you up.	چای دل آدم را خوش می‌کند.
You can find everything here.	آدم همه چیز را اینجا پیدا می‌کند.
People gathered in the market.	آدم‌ها در بازار جمع شدند.

آدم‌ها, with the plural ending, means people and takes a plural verb. Alone, آدم also means a person: یک آدم خوب (a good person).

تو and شما point at the person you are talking to. When the rule holds for everybody, use آدم. Serious writing may use انسان for the same idea: انسان باید همیشه راست بگوید.

Where to meet it: advice, proverbs and speeches. Parents say آدم باید به کلان‌ترها احترام کند, and a teacher says آدم تا تمرین نکند، یاد نمی‌گیرد. The speaker includes everybody, the listener too.

Examples (5)

آدم باید هر روز کمی ورزش کند.
One should exercise a little every day.
آدم takes the singular verb ورزش کند.
وقتی آدم خسته است، یک پیاله چای سبز دلش را خوش می‌کند.
When you are tired, a cup of green tea cheers you up.
The ending in دلش refers back to آدم.
در این شهر آدم همه چیز را در بازار پیدا می‌کند.
In this city you can find everything in the market.
آدم states what holds for everyone in the city.
آدم تا یک کار را شروع نکند، نمی‌داند که چقدر مشکل است.
Until you start a job, you don't know how hard it is.
Both verbs stay in the third person singular.
آدم تا دیر نشده، باید تصمیم بگیرد.
Before it is too late, one has to decide.
آدم with باید states what everyone has to do.

Common Mistakes

Using a plural verb with آدم.
آدم باید صبر داشته باشند.
آدم باید صبر داشته باشد.
آدم alone is singular. Only آدم‌ها takes a plural verb.
Mixing آدم with the first person.
آدم دلم می‌خواهد بخوابد.
آدم دلش می‌خواهد بخوابد.
The ending must refer back to آدم, so it is ـش and not ـم.

How It Connects

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آدمLevel 5Speaking in General with آدم

Learn This First

آدم names a person in general and often goes with باید, so باید comes first.

Must and Must Not
Know باید with the subjunctive, because the general rule uses it, like آدم باید صبر داشته باشد.
Level 3

Words in This Pattern

آدم

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