هر و همه
Each and All
After هر and a noun the verb is singular, and after همهٔ and a group of people it is plural.
How It Works
هر counts one at a time. The noun stays singular, and so does the verb.
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| هر + singular noun | هر روز | every day |
| هر + singular noun | هر شاگرد | each student |
| همهٔ + plural noun | همهٔ شاگردان | all the students |
| همه | همه آمدند. | Everyone came. |
همه means all together. Before a noun it takes the link ـهٔ. For a group, the noun is plural, and the verb is plural for people: همهٔ مهمانان آمدند. For one whole thing, the noun stays singular: همهٔ روز (the whole day). Two fixed phrases keep a singular word: همه چیز (everything) and همه جا (everywhere). When it is clear who you mean, use همه alone: همه به میله رفتند. (Everyone went on the picnic.)
هر کدام means each one. It takes a singular verb, like هر: هر کدام از شاگردان یک کتاب دارد. (Each of the students has a book.)
Examples (5)
- هر روز صبح چای سبز می‌خورم.
I drink green tea every morning.
هر روز is every day, with a singular noun.
- هر شاگرد یک کتاب دارد.
Each student has one book.
After هر, the noun شاگرد and the verb دارد are singular.
- همهٔ شاگردان امروز در صنف استند.
All the students are in class today.
همهٔ takes the plural شاگردان and the plural verb استند.
- همه به میله رفتند.
Everyone went on the picnic.
همه alone means everyone, with a plural verb.
- برای همهٔ مهمانان چای آوردم.
I brought tea for all the guests.
همهٔ stands before the plural مهمانان.
Common Mistakes
Putting a plural noun after هر.
هر شاگردان کتاب دارند.هر شاگرد کتاب دارد.هر counts one at a time, so use the singular noun and the singular verb.
Putting a singular noun after همهٔ.
همهٔ شاگرد در صنف استند.همهٔ شاگردان در صنف استند.For all of a group, the noun after همهٔ is plural: همهٔ شاگردان. For one whole thing, it is singular: همهٔ شهر.
How It Connects
Learn This First
These words go before a singular noun, like one.
Related Patterns
- هیچ … نـNothing and Nobody
هیچ is the negative partner: it needs a negative verb.
Level 3 - یکی از، بعضی از، یک تعدادOne of and Some of
Use یکی از or بعضی از to pick one or some of a group.
Level 3 - ـهاPlurals with ـها
Plural nouns after همهٔ take ـها.
Level 1 - ـانPlurals with ـان
Words for people can take ـان after همهٔ, as in شاگردان.
Level 2
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.
Words in This Pattern
Practice هر و همه in Bubblegum
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