ـم، ـت، ـش

My, Your and His or Her Endings

Level 2

Both کتابم and کتاب من mean my book.

How It Works

Dari puts a short ending on the noun to say whose it is.

EndingMeaningExampleSame as
ـمmyکتابمکتاب من
ـتyourکتابتکتاب تو
ـشhis or herکتابشکتاب او

Say them kitābam, kitābat and kitābash.

After a silent ه, write the letter ا and a half-space: خانه‌ام (my house), خانه‌ات (your house), خانه‌اش (her house). After ا or و, add ی first: پایم (my foot), مویم (my hair).

With the plural ها, write ـهایم, ـهایت and ـهایش: کتاب‌هایم (my books).

Family words take the same endings: پدرم (my father), مادرت (your mother), برادرش (his or her brother).

Both forms are correct: کتابم and کتاب من mean the same thing. The ending is shorter. For a person you call شما, use the longer ending in the next entry.

Examples (5)

  1. کتابم اینجا است.

    My book is here.

    ـم is the ending for my.

  2. نام پدرت چیست؟

    What is your father's name?

    ـت speaks to one person you call تو.

  3. خانه‌اش در کابل است.

    Her house is in Kabul.

    After a silent ه the ending is ـ‌اش.

  4. مادرم معلم است.

    My mother is a teacher.

    مادرم means my mother.

  5. دوستم و برادرش اینجا استند.

    My friend and his brother are here.

    Two nouns carry two different endings.

Common Mistakes

  • Leaving out the ا after a silent ه.

    خانه‌م
    خانه‌ام

    After ه the endings are ـام, ـات and ـاش.

  • Writing ـهام after ها, the way it sounds in speech.

    کتاب‌هام
    کتاب‌هایم

    Written Dari uses ـهایم, with ی.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

ـم، ـت، ـشLevel 2My, Your and His or Her Endings

Learn This First

These endings are short ways to say my, your and his or her, so the pronouns come first.

Learn Next

Patterns that build on this one.