-mır/-mir/-mur/-mür

To negate a verb in the present tense, follow these steps:

1. Identify the Verb Stem: Take the infinitive (e.g., gəlmək) and remove the -maq/-mək ending to get the stem (gəl-).
2. Add the Negative Marker: Add -m-. While the standard negative suffix is -ma/-mə, the vowel is dropped when it meets the present tense marker.
3. Add the Present Tense Suffix: Attach the present tense marker (-ır, -ir, -ur, -ür) directly to the negative marker -m-. This results in the combined forms -mır, -mir, -mur, -mür based on the last vowel of the stem.
4. Add Personal Endings: Attach the appropriate personal ending. Note that the 1st person singular (-am, -əm) and 2nd person singular (-san, -sən) follow 2-way vowel harmony, harmonizing with the preceding syllable. However, both the 1st person plural (-ıq, -ik, -uq, -ük) and the 2nd person plural (-sınız, -siniz, -sunuz, -sünüz) follow 4-way vowel harmony. (Note: In spoken Azerbaijani, the 2nd person plural endings are often shortened by dropping the final -ız/-iz/-uz/-üz, e.g., gəlmirsiniz becomes gəlmirsiz). The 3rd person singular takes no personal ending (e.g., o gəlmir), and the 3rd person plural takes -lar, -lər (e.g., onlar gəlmirlər).

Important Note: Unlike the positive form where a stem-final 't' changes to 'd' (e.g., getmək becomes gedir), in the negative form, the 't' remains unchanged because it is followed by the consonant '-m-' (e.g., getmir).

Good News / Simplifications:
• No buffer consonants: Vowel-ending verbs don't need a buffer 'y' because the negative marker starts with a consonant (e.g., oxumaq -> oxumur).
• Irregular verbs become regular: Verbs like yemək and demək, which change their stem in the positive present tense, are completely regular in the negative (yemir, demir).
• Perfect vowel matching: The plural endings perfectly match the tense vowel, making them easy to remember (e.g., -mırıq, -mirik, -muruq, -mürük).

Stress Rule: The negative suffix -m- is non-stressable. The stress always falls on the syllable immediately before the negative marker. For example, in danışmıram (I don't speak), the stress is on -nış-.

Negative Questions: To form negative questions, use this exact same structure with rising intonation, or by adding the question particle -mı, -mi, -mu, -mü to the end (e.g., Gəlmirsən? or Gəlmirsənmi?).