-sınız/-siniz/-sunuz/-sünüz (indiki zaman)

Second Person Plural or Polite Present Ending

Level 1

Use -sınız / -siniz / -sunuz / -sünüz to say 'you all are doing' or 'you (formal) are doing' in the present tense.

How It Works

In Azerbaijani, the second-person plural ending is used for two purposes: addressing multiple people ('you all') and addressing one person politely ('you, sir/ma'am').

1. Formation:
The ending follows the present tense marker -ır/-ir/-ur/-ür (or -yır/-yir/-yur/-yür after vowels). It follows 4-way vowel harmony:

  • -sınız after ı (e.g., yazırsınız)
  • -siniz after i (e.g., gəlirsiniz)
  • -sunuz after u (e.g., oxuyursunuz)
  • -sünüz after ü (e.g., gülürsünüz)

2. Negation and Questions:
To form the negative, use the negative present marker -mır/-mir/-mur/-mür before the ending (e.g., yazmırsınız - you are not writing). For questions, you can either use rising intonation or add the question particle -mı/-mi/-mu/-mü at the very end. This particle also follows vowel harmony based on the personal ending (e.g., yazırsınızmı?, gəlirsinizmi?, oxuyursunuzmu?, gülürsünüzmü?).

3. Social Nuance:
Using the singular -san/-sən with a stranger or superior can be seen as rude. When in doubt, use the plural/polite form.

4. Spoken Azerbaijani:
In casual speech, the middle syllable is often dropped (e.g., gəlirsiz instead of gəlirsiniz). However, for formal writing and exams, the full form is required.

Examples (4)

  1. Siz Azərbaycan dilində çox yaxşı danışırsınız.

    You speak Azerbaijani very well.

    Word by Word: You Azerbaijan language-in very well speak-present-you(pl).

    An affirmative statement using the polite 'siz' and the matching '-sınız' ending.

  2. Niyə məni dinləmirsiniz?

    Why aren't you listening to me?

    Word by Word: Why me listen-not-present-you(pl)?

    Demonstrates the negative form where the personal ending follows the negative present marker.

  3. Siz hər gün kitab oxuyursunuzmu?

    Do you read books every day?

    Word by Word: You every day book read-present-you(pl)-question?

    Shows the yes/no question particle '-mu' harmonizing with the '-sunuz' ending.

  4. Sabah bizimlə gəlirsiz?

    Are you coming with us tomorrow?

    Word by Word: Tomorrow us-with come-present-you(pl)?

    An example of casual spoken Azerbaijani where the middle syllable of the ending is dropped ('gəlirsiz' instead of 'gəlirsiniz').

Common Mistakes

  • Using the Turkish '-yor' instead of Azerbaijani '-ir'.

    Siz gəliyorsunuz.
    Siz gəlirsiniz.

    Azerbaijani uses the '-ir' present tense marker, not the Turkish '-yor'.

  • Violating vowel harmony.

    Siz yazirsiniz.
    Siz yazırsınız.

    The suffix must match the preceding vowel. Since 'yazır' has 'ı', the ending must be '-sınız'.

How It Connects

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-sınız/-siniz/-sunuz/-sünüz (indiki zaman)Level 1Second Person Plural or Polite Present Ending

Learn This First

To understand the second person plural present ending, learners should first be familiar with how personal endings are attached to present tense verbs in the singular form. Additionally, recognizing the plural 'you' marker in possessive contexts helps reinforce the morphological patterns used in this verbal ending.

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Words in This Pattern

-siniz