-dığı güman edilir
Impersonal Supposition
Use -dığı güman edilir in formal writing or news to say 'it is presumed that...' or 'it is supposed that...'. It indicates a high-level inference rather than a confirmed fact.
How It Works
The construction -dığı güman edilir is a sophisticated tool for expressing hypotheses in Azerbaijani. It functions by turning a whole sentence into a noun phrase that acts as the subject of the passive verb 'is presumed'.
1. Morphological Structure:
The verb stem is followed by the -dıq/-dik/-duq/-dük suffix. Because this suffix ends in a consonant, it is followed by the vowel-only version of the possessive suffix: -ı, -i, -u, or -ü. Due to vowel harmony and consonant mutation (q changing to ğ, and k to y), this results in the forms: -dığı, -diyi, -duğu, -düyü.
2. Subject Marking and Agreement:
In this construction, the subject of the presumed action typically takes the genitive case. Crucially, the possessive suffix must change to match the person of the subject. For example, if the subject is 'you', the suffix becomes -ın/-in/-un/-ün (e.g., 'Sənin bunu etdiyin güman edilir' - It is presumed that you did this). This is a standard requirement for genitive-subject relative clauses.
3. Register and Formal Alternatives:
This is a high-register pattern used in news or research to maintain professional objectivity. A common formal alternative is the ki complement clause structure: Güman edilir ki, [Full Sentence]. This alternative allows the subject to remain in the nominative case (e.g., 'Güman edilir ki, o, gələcək').
Examples (4)
- Sənədlərin yanğın zamanı itirildiyi güman edilir.
It is presumed that the documents were lost during the fire.
Word by Word: Documents' during fire being-lost is-presumed.
Here, 'sənədlərin' (documents) is in the genitive case, and 'itirildiyi' is the nominalized passive verb 'to be lost'.
- Qədim abidənin Albaniya dövrünə aid olduğu güman edilir.
It is presumed that the ancient monument belongs to the Albanian period.
Word by Word: Ancient monument's Albania period-to belonging being is-presumed.
The verb 'olmaq' (to be/belong) is nominalized to 'olduğu' to express a presumed state or category.
- Cinayətkarın ölkəni tərk etdiyi güman edilir.
It is presumed that the criminal has left the country.
Word by Word: Criminal's country-acc leave having-done is-presumed.
This describes a presumed completed action in the past or present perfect.
- Yeni qanunun gələn aydan qüvvəyə minəcəyi güman edilir.
It is presumed that the new law will come into force next month.
Word by Word: New law's next month-from force-into will-enter is-presumed.
Note the use of the future participle '-acağı' instead of '-dığı' because the presumption concerns a future event.
Common Mistakes
Omitting the possessive suffix on the participle.
Sənədlərin itirildik güman edilir.Sənədlərin itirildiyi güman edilir.The suffix -dıq must be followed by a possessive suffix (usually -ı/i/u/ü) to function as a noun clause in this pattern.
Using the nominative case for the subject of the clause.
Cinayətkar tərk etdiyi güman edilir.Cinayətkarın tərk etdiyi güman edilir.In Azerbaijani, the subject of a -dığı clause must be in the genitive case (-(n)ın).
Using -dığı for future presumptions.
Sabah yağış yağdığı güman edilir.Sabah yağış yağacağı güman edilir.If the event has not happened yet, you must use the future relative suffix -acağı instead of the past/present -dığı.
How It Connects
Learn This First
The pattern '-dığı güman edilir' is a formal impersonal construction used to express supposition. It combines a factive nominalized clause (using the '-dığı' suffix) with the impersonal passive form of the verb 'güman etmək' (to suppose/presume). To learn this, learners must understand how to nominalize whole sentences and how the passive voice functions in Azerbaijani to create impersonal statements.
- -dığını/-diyiniFactive Object Nominalization
The pattern uses the factive nominalization '-dığı' to turn a proposition into a noun phrase that can function as the subject of the passive verb.
Level 5 - Impersonal passive
The verb 'güman edilir' is an impersonal passive construction, which is necessary to understand how the action is attributed to a general or unknown source.
Level 4 - -ılırPresent Passive
Understanding the present passive conjugation is required to form and interpret the 'edilir' (is being done) part of the expression.
Level 4
Related Patterns
- Genitive Noun + -dığıGenitive-subject Relative Clause
This is the underlying structural rule that requires the subject of the presumption to be in the genitive case.
Level 4 - Impersonal passive construction
The verb 'edilir' is an impersonal passive, which is why the construction feels objective and detached.
Level 5 - güman kiSuppositional Stance Güman Ki
A less formal, adverbial way to express 'presumably' or 'it is likely'.
Level 5 - -dığını iddia etməkClaiming Complement
A similar formal construction used for reporting claims rather than presumptions.
Level 6 - -acağı gözlənilirExpected Future Complement
The future-oriented equivalent meaning 'it is expected that...', often used in similar formal contexts.
Level 6 - ehtimal kiProbable Possibility Ehtimal Ki
Related to probability; while 'güman edilir' is about supposition, 'ehtimal' focuses on the likelihood of an event.
Level 5
Words in This Pattern
Practice -dığı güman edilir in Bubblegum
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