-ar/-ər (ümumi həqiqət)

The Aorist (Qeyri-qəti gələcək zaman) is essential for expressing concepts that are not bound to a specific time. 1. General Truths: It is used for scientific facts (e.g., 'Su yüz dərəcədə qaynar'). Note that in modern speech, the Present Tense is often used as a common alternative for these facts. 2. Proverbs: Many Azerbaijani proverbs (atalar sözü) use this tense because they represent universal rules. 3. Potentiality: It suggests something 'might' happen or expresses a polite willingness.

Morphology:

• -ar: After back vowels (a, ı, o, u). Example: yazar (writes/will write).
• -ər: After front vowels (e, ə, i, ö, ü). Example: gələr (comes/will come).
• Buffer -y- or Dropped Vowel: If the stem ends in a vowel, you can add the buffer -y- before the suffix (e.g., başlayar, işləyər, oxuyar). However, for stems ending in 'a' or 'ə', the suffix vowel frequently drops entirely, leaving just '-r' (e.g., başlar, istər, oynaram).

Negation and Stress: The negative form is irregular. The 1st person singular and plural use '-mar-/-mər-', while the 2nd and 3rd persons use -maz/-məz. The negative indefinite future keeps stress on the vowel after m: gəl-MƏZ, gəl-MƏ-rəm. It does not follow the ordinary command pattern GƏL-mə. The full negative paradigm is: Mən gəlmərəm, Sən gəlməzsən, O gəlməz, Biz gəlmərik, Siz gəlməzsiniz, Onlar gəlməzlər.

Questions: The interrogative form is created by adding the question particle to the end of the conjugated verb (e.g., Gələrəmmi?, Yazarmı?), using the Aorist yes-no question structure.

Habitual Past: The Aorist stem also serves as the base for the habitual past. By adding the past copula -dı to the Aorist, you express 'used to' (e.g., gələrdi - he used to come).

Positive Paradigm:
Mən gələrəm, sən gələrsən, o gələr, biz gələrik, siz gələrsiniz, onlar gələrlər. The third-person singular gələr has no additional person suffix.

Building the Negative:
The negative combines the verbal negative with the indefinite-future ending. In first person, the negative vowel is lost before -ar/-ər: yaz-ma-ar-am becomes yaz-m-ar-am. Second and third person use -maz/-məz: yazmazsan, yazmaz. Learn the surface paradigm and its stress together.

Different Meanings, Not Bad Sentences:
Mən indi çay içərəm can mean I will have tea now; it does not describe the tea-drinking as already in progress. Sabah Bakıya gedərəm can express willingness or possibility. Use içirəm for the ongoing action and gedəcəyəm to present the future trip more definitely.