-(a)digan (sifatdosh)
The Future-Habitual Participle -(a)digan
-(a)digan describes a noun by what usually happens or will happen: men ishlaydigan joy (the place where I work).
How It Works
Form. A handy way to remember it: take the he-or-she form of the present-future and add -gan: keladi → keladigan, ishlaydi → ishlaydigan.
- After a consonant: kel- + -adigan → keladigan, bor- + -adigan → boradigan
- After a vowel: ishla- + -ydigan → ishlaydigan, oʻqi- + -ydigan → oʻqiydigan
- Negative: ich- + -ma- + -ydigan → ichmaydigan (who does not drink)
Three kinds of meaning:
- Habit: men ishlaydigan joy (the place where I work)
- Future: ertaga keladigan mehmonlar (the guests who will come tomorrow)
- General fact or ability: rus tilini biladigan odam (a person who knows Russian)
The three describing forms side by side:
- men oʻqigan kitob (the book I read, finished)
- men oʻqiyotgan kitob (the book I am reading, going on)
- men oʻqiydigan kitob (the book I will read, or the kind of book I read)
Something to do. With bor or yoʻq, this form often means something to ...: Sizga aytadigan gapim bor (I have something to tell you).
As a tense. With a person ending, the same form states a plan: boradiganman (I am going to go). See -(a)digan as a tense.
Examples (6)
- Men ishlaydigan joy uyimga yaqin.
The place where I work is close to my home.
Word by Word: I work place my-home-to near.
A habit: the place where I usually work.
- Ertaga keladigan mehmonlar kim?
Who are the guests coming tomorrow?
Word by Word: Tomorrow will-come guests who?
A future action: the guests have not come yet.
- Samarqandga boradigan poyezd soat nechada joʻnaydi?
What time does the train that goes to Samarkand leave?
Word by Word: Samarkand-to going train hour at-how-many departs?
A regular fact about the train.
- Bizga rus tilini biladigan odam kerak.
We need someone who knows Russian.
Word by Word: Us-to Russian language-the knowing person needed.
bil- ends in a consonant, so it takes -adigan.
- Choy ichmaydigan odam kam.
There are few people who don't drink tea.
Word by Word: Tea not-drinking person few.
-ma- before -ydigan makes the negative.
- Sizga aytadigan gapim bor.
I have something to tell you.
Word by Word: You-to to-tell word-my there-is.
With bor, -adigan means something to do.
Common Mistakes
Using -gan for an action that has not happened yet.
Ertaga kelgan mehmonlar kim?Ertaga keladigan mehmonlar kim?Kelgan means who came, which clashes with ertaga (tomorrow). For a future action, use keladigan.
Putting a full present-future verb before a noun.
Men ishlaydi joy uyimga yaqin.Men ishlaydigan joy uyimga yaqin.Ishlaydi ends a sentence. To describe a noun, add -gan to make ishlaydigan.
Adding -adigan to a stem that ends in a vowel.
Men ishlaadigan joy uyimga yaqin.Men ishlaydigan joy uyimga yaqin.After a vowel the ending is -ydigan: ishla- → ishlaydigan, oʻqi- → oʻqiydigan.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Builds on The Present Participle -(a)yotgan.
Related Patterns
- -gan (sifatdosh)The Past Participle -gan
-gan describes a noun by a finished action; -(a)digan by a habit or a future one.
Level 3 - -(a)digan (kelasi zamon)Going to and Usually with -(a)digan
With a person ending, the same form becomes a tense for plans: boradiganman.
Level 3 - -a/-yPresent-Future Tense
The form is built on the present-future: keladi + -gan → keladigan.
Level 1 - Participles as Nouns
-(a)digan can drop its noun too: ishlaydiganlar (those who work).
Level 3 - -(u)vchiThe One Who Does: -(u)vchi
-(u)vchi also names someone by what they do, but it forms a noun, as in oʻquvchi (pupil).
Level 4
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.
Practice -(a)digan (sifatdosh) in Bubblegum
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