-(a)yotgan
The Present Participle -(a)yotgan
-(a)yotgan describes a noun by what it is doing at that moment: kelayotgan avtobus (the bus that is coming).
How It Works
Form.
- After a consonant: kel- + -ayotgan → kelayotgan, qidir- + -ayotgan → qidirayotgan
- After a vowel: oʻqi- + -yotgan → oʻqiyotgan, ishla- + -yotgan → ishlayotgan
- Negative: ishla- + -ma- + -yotgan → ishlamayotgan (not working)
Before the noun. The describing clause comes first, and the doer stays in its basic form, exactly as with -gan: siz qidirayotgan kitob (the book you are looking for).
Going on when? The action is going on at the time of the main verb, not always right now. In Kecha avtobusda kitob oʻqiyotgan qizni koʻrdim (Yesterday on the bus I saw a girl who was reading a book), the reading was going on yesterday.
Why not -yap? -yap only ends a sentence: Bola kitob oʻqiyapti (The child is reading a book). To put that action in front of a noun, switch to -(a)yotgan: kitob oʻqiyotgan bola (the child who is reading a book).
With edi. The same form plus edi is the past continuous: oʻqiyotgan edim (I was reading). See -(a)yotgan edi.
Examples (6)
- Kitob oʻqiyotgan bola mening ukam.
The boy who is reading a book is my little brother.
Word by Word: Book reading boy my little-brother.
oʻqi- ends in a vowel, so it takes -yotgan.
- Kelayotgan avtobus Chilonzorga boradimi?
Does the bus that is coming go to Chilonzor?
Word by Word: Coming bus Chilonzor-to goes?
kel- ends in a consonant, so it takes -ayotgan.
- Siz qidirayotgan kitob shu yerda.
The book you are looking for is here.
Word by Word: You looking-for book this place-at.
The doer, siz, stays in its basic form.
- Hozir gapirayotgan odam kim?
Who is the person speaking now?
Word by Word: Now speaking person who?
Hozir (now) belongs to the describing clause.
- Kecha avtobusda kitob oʻqiyotgan qizni koʻrdim.
Yesterday on the bus I saw a girl who was reading a book.
Word by Word: Yesterday bus-on book reading girl-the I-saw.
The reading was going on at the time of koʻrdim, not now.
- Ishlamayotgan telefonni ustaga berdim.
I gave the phone that wasn't working to a repairman.
Word by Word: Not-working phone-the repairman-to I-gave.
-ma- before -yotgan makes the negative.
Common Mistakes
Using the -yap form before a noun.
Kitob oʻqiyapti bola mening ukam.Kitob oʻqiyotgan bola mening ukam.Oʻqiyapti ends a sentence. Before a noun, use the describing form oʻqiyotgan.
Dropping the a after a consonant stem.
Kelyotgan avtobus Chilonzorga boradimi?Kelayotgan avtobus Chilonzorga boradimi?After a consonant the ending is -ayotgan: kel- → kelayotgan. Only a vowel stem takes -yotgan.
Adding -ayotgan to a stem that ends in a vowel.
Men oʻqiayotgan kitob qiziq.Men oʻqiyotgan kitob qiziq.After a vowel the ending is -yotgan: oʻqi- → oʻqiyotgan.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Builds on The Past Participle -gan and Present Continuous -yap.
Related Patterns
- -(a)yotgan ediWas Doing: -(a)yotgan Edi
Add edi and the same form becomes the past continuous: I was doing.
Level 3 - -(a)digan (sifatdosh)The Future-Habitual Participle -(a)digan
-(a)digan completes the set, for habits and future actions.
Level 3 - Participles as Nouns
-(a)yotgan can drop its noun too: oʻqiyotganlar (those who are reading).
Level 3 - -moqdaThe Formal Present Continuous -moqda
-moqda is the formal present continuous that news writing uses at the end of a sentence.
Level 3
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.
Practice -(a)yotgan in Bubblegum
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