Nominalizing ـی and ـش

Naming Qualities and Actions

Level 5

دانا → دانایی → a quality. کوشیدن → کوشش → effort as an established action noun.

How It Works

Name a quality. دانا describes someone as knowledgeable or wise; دانایی names knowledge or wisdom as a quality. The written double ی reflects the established vowel-ending formation, not two separate indefinite markers.

Read an action noun. کوشش is an established noun connected with کوشیدن and its present stem کوش. It names effort; it is not a finite statement that someone is trying. Learn the word’s actual meaning instead of attaching ـش to an arbitrary past stem.

Distinguish another ـی. In دوستی meaning friendship, ـی participates in word formation. In a context meaning a friend, دوست + indefinite ـی can have the same ordinary spelling. The noun’s role and surrounding phrase decide the reading.

Learn limits with examples. A quality noun or action noun can take its own modifiers and a predicate. Other possible-looking derivatives may be uncommon, specialized or unacceptable. This entry supports recognition of attested words, not an automatic noun generator.

Examples (4)

  1. دانایی برای این کار مهم است.

    Knowledge is important for this task.

  2. کوشش تو نتیجه داد.

    Your effort paid off.

  3. دوستی ما ادامه دارد.

    Our friendship continues.

    Here دوستی names friendship.

  4. از خوشحالی خندیدم.

    I laughed with happiness.

How It Connects

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Nominalizing ـی and ـشLevel 5Naming Qualities and Actions

Learn This First

Distinguish indefinite marking from word formation with a similar written ending. Use only supplied lexical stem information when recognizing an established derivative. Read a noun phrase used as a clause subject.

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Patterns that build on this one.