пред / зад / над / под / до
Positions in Space
Колата е пред куќата. (The car is in front of the house.) Мачката е под масата. (The cat is under the table.)
How It Works
The five positions.
- пред in front of: Колата е пред куќата.
- зад behind: Паркот е зад училиштето.
- над above, over: Ламбата виси над масата.
- под under, below: Мачката е под масата.
- до next to, beside: Седни до мене.
Над or на? На means on, touching the surface: Книгата е на масата. Над means above, not touching: Ламбата е над масата. For in, use во (Being Somewhere).
The article. You usually mean a particular table or house, so the noun takes the article: под масата, пред куќата. The noun itself never changes its ending (Nouns Without Case Endings).
Pronouns. After these words a pronoun takes its full form: пред мене, зад тебе, до него, над нас (Full Object Pronouns).
Other meanings. Пред with time means before or ago: пред ручекот (before lunch), пред два дена (two days ago); see Ago and In. До also means until or to in From One Point to Another. For beside, around, between and opposite, see Beside Around and Between.
Examples (6)
- Колата е пред куќата.
The car is in front of the house.
Word by Word: Car-the is in-front-of house-the.
- Мачката е под масата.
The cat is under the table.
Word by Word: Cat-the is under table-the.
- Паркот е зад училиштето.
The park is behind the school.
Word by Word: Park-the is behind school-the.
- Ламбата виси над масата.
The lamp hangs above the table.
Word by Word: Lamp-the hangs above table-the.
- Седни до мене.
Sit next to me.
Word by Word: Sit next-to me.
- Банката е до поштата.
The bank is next to the post office.
Word by Word: Bank-the is next-to post-office-the.
Common Mistakes
Using the subject pronoun after one of these words.
Седни до јас.Седни до мене.After a preposition a pronoun takes its full object form: до мене, пред тебе, зад него.
Using на when you mean above (not touching).
Ламбата виси на масата.Ламбата виси над масата.To say the lamp hangs above the table, use над. На means on, resting on the surface.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Positions in space follow во and на.
Related Patterns
- покрај / околу / меѓу / спротиBeside Around and Between
More position words: beside, around, between and opposite.
Level 3 - горе / долу / внатре / надворUp Down Inside and Outside
Up, down, inside and outside work alone, without a noun.
Level 3 - мене / тебе / него / неаFull Object Pronouns
Pronouns after these prepositions take the full forms.
Level 2 - пред + Time / за + TimeAgo and in
Пред with a time expression means ago.
Level 2 - од ... доFrom One Point to Another
До also marks the end point: од Скопје до Охрид.
Level 2
Words in This Pattern
Practice пред / зад / над / под / до in Bubblegum
Poppy, your AI tutor, writes Macedonian lessons at your level. Tap any grammar point in a lesson to see its full explanation.
