горе / долу / внатре / надвор

Up Down Inside and Outside

Level 3Sounds Like gore; dolu; vnatre; nadvor

These words work alone, like here and there: Децата се надвор. (The children are outside.) Качи се горе. (Go up.)

How It Works

The four words

  • горе — up, above, upstairs: Книгите се горе на полицата. (The books are up on the shelf.)
  • долу — down, below, downstairs: Те чекам долу. (I am waiting for you downstairs.)
  • внатре — inside, in: Влези внатре. (Come inside.)
  • надвор — outside, out: Надвор е студено. (It is cold outside.)

Place and direction use the same word. English sometimes changes words, but here the form stays: Горе е топло (It is warm upstairs) and Качи се горе (Go upstairs). No во or на goes in front, just as with тука and таму (see тука; овде; таму).

Adding a noun

  • надвор од: Живеат надвор од градот. (They live outside the town.)
  • внатре во: Внатре во кутијата има писмо. (There is a letter inside the box.)
  • горе на, долу во and similar pairs narrow the place down.

To place one thing directly above or under another, use the prepositions над and под (see пред; зад; над; под; до). For movement upward or downward, нагоре and надолу are also used: Патот оди нагоре. (The road goes uphill.)

Examples (6)

  1. Децата се надвор.

    The children are outside.

    Word by Word: Children-the are outside.

  2. Качи се горе.

    Go up.

    Word by Word: Climb yourself up.

    Горе here gives a direction, with the same form used for a place.

  3. Те чекам долу.

    I am waiting for you downstairs.

    Word by Word: You I-wait down.

  4. Влези внатре, надвор е студено.

    Come inside, it is cold outside.

    Word by Word: Enter inside, outside is cold.

  5. Живеат надвор од градот.

    They live outside the town.

    Word by Word: They-live outside from town-the.

    With a noun, надвор needs од.

  6. Книгите се горе на полицата.

    The books are up on the shelf.

    Word by Word: Books-the are up on shelf-the.

Common Mistakes

  • Joining надвор directly to a noun.

    Живеат надвор градот.
    Живеат надвор од градот.

    Надвор is an adverb, not a preposition. Link it to a noun with од: надвор од градот.

  • Using долу as if it meant under.

    Мачката е долу масата.
    Мачката е под масата.

    Долу means down or downstairs and does not take a noun. To say under something, use под.

  • Putting во or на in front.

    Одам во надвор.
    Одам надвор.

    These words already include the idea of place or direction, so no preposition goes before them.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

горе / долу / внатре / надворLevel 3Up Down Inside and Outside

Learn This First

Up and down follow positions in space.

Words in This Pattern

горедолувнатренадворнадвор одвнатре вонад